Gambino cleaning products salesman Essay Example for Free

Gambino cleaning fruits gross revenueman EssayDescription of the proposed organization Description of the problem A revolutionary system of calculating and explanationing on cleaning products salesmen is to be designed and implemented. Cleaning products salesmen electric charge is based on a set of acquireive information which is the monthly sales of cleaning products sold by the salesmen. Objectives The new system must Be automated as far as possible, needing no thorough knowledge of spreadsheets, entropybases or any other software in order to operate it. Have fitted controls to ensure precision and completeness of data input. Take into account focusing payments from monthly sales. yarn-dye commission reports for each of the salesmen, and a summary report showing total paid to each salesman and overall total. Include an option to call off commission eternises precedent to a given date so that the accommodate does not increase for an indefinite period. The proposed n ew system can be shown in a train 0 data flow diagram as follows A level 1 Data Flow Diagram of the proposed system is as follows User functions 1. The equip Salesman in the Sales Department will be responsible for entering all details of new cleaning products salesman and new products. 2.An Accounts clerk will fool special responsibility for the commission system. 3. The Accounts clerk will enter each month the sales of each product, giving quantity sold and gross sales value (i. e. quantity X cover price). 4. Every 6 months, the Accounts clerk will produce the commission reports for each cleaning products salesman. This will show the commission that has been earned in the previous 6 months. A payment is thus recorded and a cheque issued to each cleaning products salesman to whom commission is due, together with the instruction statement showing sales details, and the statement from the Accounts system the total amount due.Database specification Menu structure The many functi ons of the Commission System will be accessed by means of a front-end board, which will have the following structure. The data model There are three main entities in this system link in the entity relationship diagram shown below. Because a many-to-many relationship cannot be applied in a relational database, an additional entity named Salesman/ increase is introduced. The ERD can now be drawn as follows The database for Gambino cleaning products salesman system specification will have the following tables tblSalesman (SalesmanID, Surname, FirstName).Foreign key in tblSalesman/ increase ProductName Text (40) Product deed of conveyance tblProduct SalesTeam Text (40) every(prenominal) salesman who sell a product tblProduct Price Currency Product price tblProduct StandardCommission Number Percentage commission on each product sold 1-10 tblSalesman/Products BonusCommission Number Bonus percentage commission on each products sold 11-20 tblSalesman/Products SalesNumber Number 1=Standa rd commission 2=Bonus Commission 1 or 2 tblSales QuantitySold Number Number of products sold tblSales GrossValue Currency Data Dictionary Input Specification Three input forms will be required. frmProducts.This will be used to enter product details. frmSalesman This will be used to enter details of a salesman and all products on which they receive commission. The commission percentages for each product will be entered in a subform of the main form. Validation methods The Product ID will be selected from a drop-down list of existing Product IDs. Once a Product ID is entered, the product name will be automatically displayed. frmTransaction This form will be used to enter transactions. Validation methods scarcely valid dates will be accepted. The Product ID will be selected from a drop down list of existing Product IDs.Once a Product ID is entered, the product name will be automatically displayed. Selecting a radio button so that only a valid alternative can be selected will choose th e transaction type. Process Specification Commission Calculations To calculate the commission for a given transaction, a query has to be performed to combine attributes from tblTransaction, tblProduct, tblProduct/Salesman and tblSalesman. The enumeration of the commission is performed as follows If TransactionType = 1 (i. e sales) ThenRate = StandardCommissionRate ElseRate = BonusCommissionRate endif Amount = Rate * GrossValue.These processes will be carried out in qryCommission. This query will be the source of two the commission report and the summary report. Maintenance Each year, transactions prior to a given date will be removed from tblTransactions. This prevents the transaction file from becoming too large and slowing down the system. The maintenance will be carried out as follows Run a Delete query to delete records from tblTransaction. test Plan Tests will be carried out using valid and invalid data and data at the extremes of acceptable values. The following analyse dat a will be used. tblSalesman Salesman ID Surname Firstname STEVED Stevens David.Test urpose Expected result 1 Select enter data from main menu, then select Products. To check if the menu options work and that a Products form opens at a new record.Products form opens at a new record. 2 Enter data from test data set. Try entering an invalid date i. e. 3/9/2001 To check the menu options work and that the Salesman form opens at a new record. Salesman form opens at a new record. 3 Select Enter Data from Main menu and then select Salesman. To check if the menu options work and that the Salesman form opens at a new record. Salesman form opens at a new record. 4 Enter data from test data set. To check if valid data is accepted. All valid data accepted. 5 Try entering product ID of BB113. Test that no product can be entered unless it exists on product table. Record rejected.6 Select Enter Data from Main menu and select Sales To check the menu options work and that the sales form opens at a ne w record. Sales form opens at a new record. 7 Attempt to enter a new sale with date 3/9/2001 To test if date is validated. Error message will appear on leaving field. 8 Select reports from Main menu then select Product details. Test to see if the Product details display all products entered. All products appear on the report. 9 Select report from the Main menu then select Commission report. Check to see if Commission report details are correct. User is asked to enter start and end dates for report.All commission is mensural correctly. 10 Select Reports from Main menu the select Summary report. Check that Summary report is correct. User is asked to enter start and end dates for report. All totals are calculated correctly. 11 Add 2 transactions for dates in 1999. then select Maintenance from Main menu and identify deletion of records prior to 31/12/1999 Check that Maintenance option deletes records prior to date user enters. The two records are deleted from table. 12 Add a transactio n for 31/12/1999. then select Maintenance from Main menu and identify deletion of records prior to 31/12/1999.Check that maintenance option deletes records for date user enters. The record is deleted from table. 13 Select Exit from Main menu To check if the main menu option works correctly. Database closes. Development Plan The planned schedule for ontogenesis is given below.Week beggining Task Comments 29/01/2004 Detailed design spec 29/01/2004 Tables created 01/02/2004 Input forms created 15/02/2004 Queries and reports created Reports on products and salesman 21/02/2004 Standard commission report created 27/02/2004 Procedures for clearing file developed Clearing records prior to given date 29/02/2004 Testing and modifications 03/03/2004 Testing and modifications 06/03/2004 Documentation 08/03/2004 Installation and entry of cross file data. A period of parallel running will follow with reports produced from old and new systems. Conclusion The system will be implemented by Microsof t Access 2000.It will run on any existing PC. The database will be accessible from any of the Departments which are responsible for keeping the data up to date. These departments include Accounts and Sales departments. The system is expected to be tested and installed by the end of April 2004. Sunit Dhadra 12K AVCE ICT AVCE ICT Unit 1 Sunit Dhadra 12K AVCE ICT.

The Ultimate Goal Of JIT

The Ultimate Goal Of JITJIT is a Nipponese concept. Also called the Toyota turnout system, it aims at producing the necessary parts in quantities privationed, at the quantify they are required. The final goal of JIT is to eliminate inventory, to have minimal work in appendage inventory monitored by reduction in working capital.JIT considers 7 types of wastes.Overproductionproducing more than than the guest needsTransportationAnywhere where nices are moved within a processWaitingwhere waiting time occurs, traditionally where one process waits for another to finish before it can start.Inventorytypified by stock or materials that are not being workd in the process or current activity.Motion Poor planning and transcriptional layout often cause motion wasteOver touchwhere go occur in the production process that do not add value to the end customer this is termed overproductionDefectsThe process results in an error or requires reworkJIT divides all industrial plant into value adding and non-value adding activities and then eliminates all non value adding activities. Kanban is one means through which JIT is achieved. It is a scheduling system that tells you what to produce, when to produce it, and how much to producePoka-yoke is a Japanese term that means fail-safing or mistake-proofing. Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur.Autonomation describes a feature of instrument design to affect the principle of jidoka. At Toyota this ordinarily means that if an abnormal situation arises the machine stops and the worker will stop the production line.Kaizen refers to the school of thought or practices that focus upon continuous improvement of processes in manufacturing, engineering, supporting business processes, and management.Literature reviewWeiters (1984) in one of the first literatures on this topic states that pecuniary justification of JIT in helping industries is less likely but in divine receipts industries JIT offers intangible benefits in terms of improved service quality and customer satisfaction.(cited by Inman and Mehra 1990)Benson (1986) was the first to point out benefit subprograms are organised systems of production processes with the same(p) potential of improvement through implementation of JIT precepts as manufacturing operations Cited by Duclos et. al. 1995Berling and Geppi (1989) studied the supply chain of healthcare sector and offered JIT as an approach to hospitals in consecrate to reduce inventory. They suggested closer relationships between hospitals and distributors.Billesbach and Schniederjans (1989) prove a scale take up on JIT application in an administration setting. The case was on a big corporation and JIT programme was implemented in the headquarters of this corporation. Their approach was based on examining activities and the ones not contributing to result to be eliminated.Inman and Mehra (1990) had worked on F edEx. This package tar company implements JIT to reduce their inventory of quasi-MRO goods (mainly packaging, labelling supplies).aimed at improving their service quality and competitiveness through implementation of JIT and anticipated that inventories would be reduced as a result.Lee (1990) presents a case study of a small bank. Study is focused on this banks loan approval process. Bank follows a 2 phase process and first evaluates the applications and makes the decision of contribute in second phase. This process usually takes 12 days. Applying JIT approach whole process is redesigned and several tasks are unified. New approval process takes 4-5 days.Wasco et. al.( 1991) presents a case Kodaks quality assurance division. This division provides go to worldwide chain of Kodak. An MRP II system is implemented with JIT approach and conclusion of the study is JIT techniques enhance the potential of MRP application. peerless of the most radical case studies is presented by Barlow ( 2002). He investigates the applicability of JIT techniques to hotel exertion. Weakness of this study is it concentrates on liquor stocks of these hotels and draws conclusions on if statements and these hotels actually do not take on any JIT techniques.Ruiz (2003 pp.1) JIT focuses on the process, not product. Therefore it can be applied (in theory) to any group of processes, whether manufacturing or service. Ultimate goal of JIT is to produce a good and a service without wasteLiterature on the matter quite confidently states that JIT can be applied in operate and through account case studies evidence is provided. JIT applications in service industries are vague in some sense. There are no empirical studies and reported case usually resembles manufacturing setting.Service operations management evolutionHow to implement JIT in services?A philosophy of manufacturing excellence based on pursuit of the planned liquidation of all waste and consistent improvement of productivity. It e ncompasses the successful execution of all manufacturing activities required to produce a final product from design engineering to delivery and including all stages from conversion of raw material onward (APICS, 1992).Total visibility of equipment, people, material and processesSynchronization and balance of production to sales and supply to production assess for people greenback operators is responsible for production, problem solving and improvement tractableness adapt production to customer needsContinuous improvement never conform to with the processResponsibility for the operations environment those who design, manage and operate the processes are responsible for the outcomeHolistic approach companywide philosophy of elimination of waste severally of these JIT themes whitethorn be applicable to service organizationsSynchronization and balance of information and work flowmatching output with customer demand one of the all-important(prenominal) aspects of service opera tions often cannot inventory the output of their processes making balance even more vitalSemantodontics, a direct marketing company change nationwide by catalogue to dentists, also found JIT an appropriate approach for reducing the time to process paperwork (Conant, 1988) and, hence, the time required for a dentist to engender an do. The idea of making lot sizes as small as possible was implemented by decreasing the batch size in which telephone orders were aggregated. As a result, telephone orders were moved to the second stage of the process three quantify daily rather than once a day, as was the previous norm. Set-up time for entering new customer records was reduced by moving the process to the original telephone operation where the data were first gathered. The decrease in order batch size had a behavioural impact on employees as well.From the sense of satisfaction gained on completion of multiple small batches, employees tended to work prompt and more efficiently.Atlanti c Envelope Company uses kanban trays at its Atlanta facility to move documents within the order entry department. Order entry time send away to under a day from a previous uncertain number of days.Total visibility of all components of the processNorthern Telecom Inc.s (NTI) Customer Service Centre borders the traditional manufacturing environment (Savage-Moore, 1988) and the implementation is a good usage of providing visibility through the use of work cells. This unit of NTI has the labour-intensive responsibility of repairing printed hitch packs ( caregivers). For an individual PCP, it is difficult to predefine the specific repair process required, not unlike a job shop environment. The work cell concept was applied to suffer all work on a PCP performed within a single cell and by one team of employees. This provided all employees repairing a PCP with visibility as to the repair needs and processes used to repair the product. Additionally, employees were cross-trained to staff the cells and jobs were redefined to recognize employee training efforts. Over a two-year period, NTI saw customer service levels increase from 85 per cent to 100 per cent and quality levels significantly improved. Work-in-progress inventory was reduced by 75 per cent and repair cycle times reduced from one week to less than 48 hours.Continuous improvement of the processThe Manufacturing Quality Assurance Organization at Kodak in Rochester, New York provides specialise services in the form of sample testing of photographic film, chemical and environmental testing, equipment development and calibration control. JIT precepts were introduced to provide a framework for involving the entire organization in continuous improvement (Wasco et al., 1991).Fifty JIT cells were established to start the JIT delivery of products or services based on functional precepts. JIT activities were used to reduce work-handling steps and run times. Improvements through JIT techniques saved an average of $ 33,000 per month in 1990.Holistic approach to elimination of wastesuppliersFew suppliersNearby suppliersRepeat business with same suppliersActive use of analysis to enable preferable suppliers to become/stay price-competitiveClusters of remote suppliers, competitive bidding mostly limited to new part poemBuyer plant resists vertical integration and subsequent wipe-out of supplier businessSuppliers are encouraged to extend JIT buying to their suppliersQuantitiesSteady output rate (a desirable prerequisite)Frequent delivery in small quantitiesLong-term attempt agreementsMinimal release paperworkDelivery quantities variable from release to release, but dictated for whole contract termLittle or no permissible overage or underage of receiptsSuppliers encouraged to package in exact quantitiesSuppliers encouraged reducing their production lot sizes (or store unreleased material)QualityMinimal product specifications imposed on supplierHelp suppliers to meet quality requirementsClose rel ationships between buyers and suppliers quality assurance peopleSuppliers encouraged to use process control charts instead of lot sampling inspectionshippingScheduling of inbound loadingGain control by use of company-owned or contract shipping, contract wareho victimisation, and trailers for freight consolidation/storage where possible instead of using common carriers.Flexibility in the use of resourcesBookbinder and Locke (1986) present a mystify to determine if JIT distribution methodology is a feasible alternative to traditional distribution methods. They investigated the behaviour of two different distribution models for JIT organizations. In the first, a factory-warehouse-retailer distribution system, the warehouse holds stock. In the second, stock moves from factory directly to retailers.The models were compared using statistical tests, and the second model was opinionated to be the superior distribution system because it furnished essentially the same service level to ret ailers while carrying one less echelon of stock.Another mathematical model is offered by Ramasesh (1990) for the implementation of JIT techniques in purchasing systems that have not yet advanced to the ultimate level of JIT purchasing (lot size of one).He treated the fixed costs associated with the adoption of JIT as investment, and justified it based on the savings generated using any of the techniques of investment analysis. He modified the traditional economic order quantity model to include explicitly the costs of small-lot shipments. He also provided guidelines and formulae for determining the order quantity and the optimal number of shipments.Case studiesDHL- impact of JITThe founders began to personally ship papers by airline from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ships cargo before the actual arrival of the ship and dramatically reducing waiting time in the harbour. With this concept, a new industry was born international air express, the rapid d elivery of documents and shipments by airplane. DHL network continued to grow at an incredible pace. The company expanded westward from Hawaii into the Far East and Pacific Rim, then the Middle East, Africa and Europe. By 1988, DHL was already present in clxx countries and had 16,000 employees.The different business units of the company areDHL ExpressDHL FreightDHL Global ForwardingDHL Exel SupplyDHL Global MailThe process above mentioned was improved using JIT with following waysInventory Management Concerning ServicesFor instance, in the case of DHL, vehicles, bicycles and other assets that facilitate service delivery must be accounted for, serviced, ready and operational to be used for work purpose.Quality Management Concerning ServicesTangiblesReliabilityResponsivenessCompetenceCourtesyAccessSupplier Relations Concerning Services benignant Resource Management Concerning ServicesJIT in retailThe key principles of JIT in any system areNo wastage,Total visibility, andFlexibility in the use of human and material resourcesIn any environment these principles translate into three simple rulesdont start any work unless the demand signal indicates a need for more materialif the demand signal indicates a need, work to fill that needand, never exceed the queue-size limitAutomatic Replenishment Systems (ARS) is also an example of application of JIT in retail.JIT in Indian service industryA survey was done on the Indian service industry. The data was collected from the selected service industries and analyzed. The results of degree of importance are given in the tableThe most important element recognized by the Service industries was waste reduction (mean=0.8929). The to the lowest degree important element was JIDOKA (mean=0.5625).The elements of the study are mentioned in appendix table 1JIT in hospitalsMost research in the health care industry has been directed toward process and information system improvements.Generally, service environments such as health care a re likely candidates for JIT if their operations are repetitive, have reasonably high volume, and deal with tangible items such as mail, checks, bills or letters.In hospitals, there is a vital department named CSSD (Centre for Sterilization Service department), the functions of which include materials management, instruments reception, washing, wadding and sterilization, sterile store, instruments distributionAs an illustration a previous supplier model can be analysedAnd compared with an improved model, which centralises and streamlines the supply chainJIT in administrative settingJIT practices and their effect on quality can be analysedHuman elements of JITSteps in implementation of JIT in service industryEliminate disruptions in work of the employees and make the service system flexible and train the workers to handle more variety. reduce set-up time and eliminate waste including errors and duplicate work and minimise work-in process e.g. Packages waiting to be delivered, call s waiting to be answered, pending orders to be processed, trucks waiting to be loaded/unloadedGenerally, service environment may benefit from jit system if the operations are repetitive, have high volume, and deal with tangible items e.g. Sandwiches, mail or bills services must involve manufacturing like operationConsistently high qualityservice employees can be taught the value of providing defect free servicesuniform facility loadingreservation systems and differential gear pricing are ways to level the load on the facilitiesstandardised work methodshigh efficiencies achieved by analysing work methods and standardisingClose supplier tiesvolume services such as fast-food joints and mass merchandisers require close supplier contacts to ensure frequent short lead time and high quality shipment of supplies conciliatory work forcegreater the customisation in the service, greater is the need for a multi-skilled workforce e.g. Electronic repair shops needing wider experienced workforce t o diagnose the problems and repair the defectsLine flow strategymangers can recognise their employees and equipment to provide uniform flows through the system, and eliminate wasted employee time e.g. Banks use this system in their cheque processing operationsProcess improvement and problem solving can contribute to streamlining a system, resulting in increased customer satisfaction, and higher productivity e.g. Self service system including retail operations, ATM, vending machines, service stations etc which is the ability to provide services when requiredsimplify the process, especially when customers are part of the system jit services , if achieved , can be a major competitive advantage for companiesA FrameworkAppendixTable 1

Energy Efficiency Maximisation in Large-Scale MIMO Systems

Energy Efficiency Maximisation in Large-Scale MIMO SystemsAnalysis of Energy Efficiency Maximisation in Large-Scale MIMO Systems intro and Motivation1.1 BackgroundThe development of smart terminals and their application, the need for multimedia services rapidly increases lately 1. The capacity of radio the Quality of benefit necessities of mobile applications of wireless communication networks is increasing exponentially 1.Bandwidth Efficiency is typically one of the important c befuls to Systems 1, 1. Energy Efficiency commence a metric for assessing the performances of wireless communications systems with some BE restrictions 1 1.1.2 Research MotivationsAn accurate modelling of the fit power consumption is the primary of (BS) antennas and design of active (UEs) for LS-MIMO systems 15.1.3 Research admit and ObjectivesThe research objectives which are briefly explained and summarized as belowTo compare the performance of the proposed uplink and downlink of LS-MIMO systems f or ZF, MRT/MRC, and MMSE touch on schemes at BS.To implement a new delicate model of the total power consumption for LS-MIMO system.To derive closed-form EE-maximal values of number of (BS) antennas, number of active (UEs), and the transmit power using ZF impact in single-cell system and new refined model of the total power consumption when the other two are fixed.To evaluate analytic takingss for ZF processing scheme with perfect CSI.To measure numerical results for ZF, MRT/MRC, and MMSE processing schemes processing schemes with perfect CSI in a single-cell scenario.To measure numerical results for ZR processing schemes with rickety CSI, and in a multi-cell scenario.1.4 Main ContributionsThis thesis has contributions to knowledge in three research issues for LS-MIMO system, which are the new refined circuit power consumption model, efficacy efficiency maximisation with ZF processing scheme, and deployment of rickety CSI case and radial multi-cell scenario. Those main contr ibutions of this thesis are summarized and elaborated more detail as followsThe circuit power consumption is the sum of the power consumed by different line of latitude components and digital portend processing. The new refined model of the total power explicitly described how the total power consumption depends non-linearly on number of number of UEs, number of BS antennas, and transmit power.The closed-form EE expression under the assumption of ZF processing scheme is employed in the uplink and downlink for optimal number of UEs, number of BS antennas, and transmit power for a single-cell scenario with perfect CSI. This option is driven by analytic convenience and numerical results likewise which are close to optimal.Analysis of imperfect CSI case and symmetric multi-cell scenarios deployment are extended using the same method above. A New achievable rate derived for symmetric multi-cell scenarios with ZF processing.1.5 Research MethodologyIn the first stage of the research, lit erature review of past and current works on the area of MIMO, MU-MIMO, and LS-MIMO are extensively conducted to broaden the perspective on such(prenominal) areas of study. Furthermore, state of the art related to those addressed issues are deeply studied and intensively explored during this period.Following the literature review phase, implementation starts with formulating the EE maximisation problem. A new refined circuit power consumption model is proposed. All this then utilize to compute closed-form expression for the optimal number of UEs, number of BS antennas, and transmit power under the assumption of ZF processing scheme.The testing stage starts with simulation. All the simulations were performed using Monte Carlo Simulation techniques in Matlab. Monte Carlo simulation displace handle very complex and realistic. Monte Carlo Simulation were executed for all the investigated schemes with perfect CSI, for ZF with imperfect CSI, and in a multi-cell scenarioIn the validation stage, numerical results are used to authenticate the theoretical analysis and make comparison amongst different processing schemes.1.6 Thesis StructureThis thesis comprises of six chapters, where each chapter is inter- dependent.Chapter 1 cosmos Chapter 2 LS-MIMO-An overview This chapter presents an overview of the LS-MIMO concept.Chapter 3 Literature Review- Energy Efficiency Maximisation in LS-MIMOChapter 4 Techniques to Maximise Energy Efficiency The simulation procedures will be explained in this chapter.Chapter 5 Result and Analysis This chapter describes description and evaluation for this investigation of LS-MIMO .Chapter 6 Conclusion Further Work This chapter concludes the results of the implementations, and recommendation of developing revised model for LS-MIMO systems.LS-MIMO An Overview2.1 Introduction to LS-MIMOWireless communication is one of the most successful technologies is one of the most successful technologies in modern years, given that an exponential growt h rate in wireless traffic (known as Coopers law) 1. This trend will certainly drive by for example, augmented reality and internet-of-things 1.Figure 2-16 2.2 Antenna configurationsRadio-Frequency (RF) circuit is usually attached to its physical antennas through an RF cable in a passive AA. A Remote Radio Unit (RRU) in with a Baseband Unit (BBU) has become a preferred configuration recently 1.2.3 Channel MeasurementsRealistic pipeline measurements have been carried out in in an effort to identify the main characteristics of LS-MIMO convey 152.4 Channel toughieThree types of channel models have been used for evaluating the performance of wireless communications systems, namely the Correlation-Based Stochastic Model (CBSM), the Parametric Stochastic Model (PSM) and the Geometry- Based Stochastic Model (GBSM) in 1.2.5 Processing SchemesPrecoding LS-MIMO is based on linear processing at the BS. BS has observation of the multiple access conduct from the terminals 6. The BS applie s linear receive combining to discriminate the signal transmitted 6. The simplest choice is maximum ratio (MR) combining by adding the signal components coherently. In 6, this result signal amplification proportional to.Energy Efficiency Problem Literature Review3.1 System and Signal ModelThe uplink and downlink of a single-cell multiuser MIMO system operating is considered over a bandwidth of B Hz 15.3.2 Channel Model and Linear ProcessingThe M antennas at the BS are spaced apart such that the channel components between the BS antennas and the single-antenna UEs are uncorrelated 15. The channel describes propagation channel between antenna at the BS and the UE. We assume small scale fading distribution 15.3.3 UplinkIn 15, under the assumption of Gaussian, linear processing, and the perfect CSI, the achievable uplink rate of the th UE is (3.6)the pre-log factor accounts for pilot overhead and is thefraction of uplink transmission 15. In addition, (3.7)3.4 DownlinkA normalized pr ecoding vector and the downlink signal to the kth is assigned a transmit power of . In 15, assuming Gaussian codebooks and perfect CSI the achievable downlink rate of the kth UE with linear processing is (3.13)3.5 Problem StatementThe EE of a communication system is measured in bit/Joule and the average total power consumption (in tungsten = Joule/second) 15.The total EE of the uplink and downlink is (3.20)Energy Efficiency Maximisation-Techniques4.1 Realistic Circuit Power Consumption ModelThe sum of the power consumed by different components and signal processing is the circuit consumption is 15. A power consumption model is proposed (3.22)4.2 Energy Efficiency Maximisation with ZF ProcessingThe EE maximisation problem is stubborn under the assumption that ZF processing is employed. This solution is driven by analytic and the numerical results 15.For ZF processing, Problem 1 reduces to (3.30)4.3 Extension to Imperfect CSI and Multi-CellThe analysis is prolonged to single-cell scenarios with imperfect CSI. A new achievable rate is derived with ZF forcing processing. The achievable user rates in single-cell scenarios with imperfect CSI 15. (3.52)Simulation Setup and Numerical Results5.1 Simulation SetupSimulations used to validate the system design guidelines under ZF processing and to make comparison with other processing schemes 15. Numerical results provided under both perfect and imperfect CSI, and for single-cell and multi-cell scenarios 15. For affect ZF, and MRT analytic results were executed and MMSE, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to maximise EE 15.5.2 Single-Cell ScenarioThe chosen deployment model validated.5.3 Multi-Cell ScenarioA lot of studies have been carried out.Conclusions and Future Research6.1 ConclusionsThis thesis focuses on the energy maximisation improvement of the LS-MIMO systems to cope with energy maximisation problem. The thesis has three main contributions all are elaborated in detail.6.2 Future Research some(pre nominal) recommendations, which may guide to the future research directions on LS-MIMO systems.Bibliography1 K. Zheng, L. Zhao, J. Mei, B. Shao, W. Xiang and L. Hanzo, Survey ofLarge- Scale MIMO Systems, in IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol.17, no. 3, pp. 1738-1760, third quarter 2015.2 D. Feng et al., A survey of energy-efficient wireless communications, IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 167-168, 1st Quart. 2012.3 T. Kailath and A. J. Paulraj, Increasing capacity in wireless broadcast systems using Distributed Transmission/Directional Reception (DTDR), U.S. Patent 5 345 599, Sep. 6, 1994.4 E. G. Larsson, F. Tufvesson, O. Edfors, and T. L. Marzetta, Massive MIMO for conterminous generation wireless systems, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 186-195, Feb. 2014.5 Views on Rel-12 and Onwards for LTE and UMTS, 3GPP RWS-120006, HUAWEI and HiSilicon, 2013.6 E. Bjrnson, E. G. Larsson and T. L. Marzetta, Massive MIMO ten mythsand One critical question, in IEEE C ommunications Magazine, vol. 54,no. 2, pp.114-123, February 2016.7 S. Tombaz, A. Vstberg, and J. Zander, Energy- and cost-efficient ultra- high-capacity wireless access, IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 18-24, Oct. 2011.8 E. Bjrnson, M. Kountouris, and M. Debbah, Massive MIMO and smallcells Improving energy efficiency by optimal soft-cell coordination, inProc. ICT, 2013, pp. 1-5.9 E. Bjrnson and E. Jorswieck, Optimal resource allocation in matching multi-cell systems, Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory,vol. 9, no. 2/3, pp. 113-381, 2013.10 Y. Wu, R. Zhou, and W. Zhang, Active antenna system Utilizing the fullpotential of radio sources in the spatial domain, Huawei, Shenzhen,China, 2012.11 S. Payami and F. Tufvesson, Channel measurements and analysis for very large part systems at 2.6 GHz, in Proc. 6th EUCAP, Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 2012, pp. 433-437.12 Further Advancements for E-UTRA Physical Layer Aspects (Release 9),3GPP TS 36.814, Mar. 2010.13 H. Boche and M. Schubert, A general duality theory for uplink anddownlink beamforming, in Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall, 2002, pp. 87-91.14 R. Kumar and J. Gurugubelli, How green the LTE technology crowd out be?inProc. Wireless VITAE, 2011, pp. 1-5.15 E. Bjrnson, L. Sanguinetti, J. Hoydis and M. Debbah, OptimalDesign of Energy-Efficient Multi-User MIMO Systems Is MassiveMIMO the Answer?, in IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 3059-3075, June 2015.

Pediatric Care Against Bullying

Pediatric C ar Against BullyingObjectivesList at least three client centered learner objectives. The objectives must be client centered, measurable, and term specific.Clients volition verbalize understanding what ruffianing is by the end of the t apieceing session.Clients will verbalize understanding of the types of bullying by the end of the didactics session.Clients will verbalize understanding of what to do if they encounter bullying by the end of the article of faith session.Growth and Development ExpectedList the get along group be taught.I presented my teaching project to a quartetteth grade class of 9 and 10 year olds.Describe the physical gainment of this epoch group. accept discipline regarding height, weight, muscle structure, fat distribution, bone development, dental development, etc.In this eon group, height increases nearly two inches each year. Weight increases virtually four to six pounds each year. Along with the increased height and weight, muscle mass too increases. However, the muscles are non functionally mature and are more disposed to muscle injury. As height increases, body fat percentage decreases and is replaced by muscle. The skeletal bones continue to harden (ossify) throughout this developmental period. Girls begin to develop faster than boys do and begin to grow taller than boys. This is withal the stage of development in which the deciduous teeth are replaced by the permanent teeth.Describe the cognitive development of this age group. Include information regarding the ability to speak up through operations/problem solve, ability to learn concepts, reading comprehension, level of understanding, Piagets stage, ideas close to morality, spirituality, etc.According to Piaget, school-aged nestlingren are in the concrete operational stage, which means they make judgements based on their reasoning. The school-age childs egocentric thinking is in addition replaced by the social awareness of otherwises. School-aged c hildren flowerpot think logically most objects and events. They are able to voice their opinions and think critically.Additionally, this age group is also surefooted of concrete problem-solving. They achieve conservation of weight by age 9. They also achieve the ability to classify, sort objects and are able to put things in chronological order. For example, school-aged children can classify objects of several features and can place them in order in a series, including dimensions such as shape or size. Reversibility is now possible. School-aged children can reverse simple arithmetic problems. This age group also now has a longer attention span. They have the ability to read more Gordian sentences that use complex wordsAs egocentric thinking is replaced by logic thinking, school-aged children become more aware of moral standards and conciseness. They now do not solely think about just the consequences, but they can now judge an act by the intention that stimulated it. They clear ly understand the exit between right and wrong. As far as spirituality, children are very eager to learn about God. They also are very curious about heaven and stone. They view God as a human and their description of Him is loving, kind, and helpful. They also tend to think that misbehavior will cause them to go hell and good behavior will gain them entrance to heaven. At this age, children also petition their prayers to God.Describe the psychosocial development of this age group. Include information regarding explanation of Eriksons developmental stage, interaction with couples, interaction with family members, involvement in sports/clubs, hobbies, self-concept, etc.In the school-aged, school plays a major role in the resolution of the developmental crisis of industry versus inferiority. Children learn that they can win recognition of teacher, parents, and peers by doing well in school or earning a task. The attitudes and opinions of others also become very strategic. When ch ildren master a skill that they have attempted, it helps them to form a positive self-concept of themselves. They develop a sense of who they really are. However, when a goal is not mastered, feelings of inferiority and self-distrust arise because children feel like they failed. These children are most interested in friends and social activities. They enjoy group adventures and cooperative play. The peer group is very important to school-aged children. It is through interaction with the peers that children learn how to put up with those who have strong personalities. Additionally, it is also through peer groups that children socialize and gain independence from their parents. The lack of peer group associations can lead to bullying and feelings of rejection. However, peer groups are not the most influential when it comes the school-aged child. The parents ultimately shape the childs personality, values, and standards for behavior. Children in this age group also acquire hobbies. The y also like to collect things and many enjoy reading and writing.Describe the language development of this age group. Include information regarding ability to articulate thoughts, vocabulary, clarity of speech, dialect among peers, etc.School-aged children learn different words and their meanings. Their knowledge of words is enhanced by reading. Reading also allows the school-aged child to explore and imagine. They also begin to consolidate expressive language skills and learn to express themselves verbally. This age group is also beginning to follow complex instructions. They are able to follow those demands without the use of visual aids. They can read more complex and sophisticated sentences. Additionally, they can express themselves through writing and speaking with more complex and sophisticated words.Describe the fine motor development of this age group. Include information regarding writing ability, scissor skills, dressing self, tying shoes, utilize utensils, guile making, typing, etc.The school-aged childs fine motor skills mature and handedness improves. With the maturation in fine motor skills, they also begin to master inexhaustible varieties of hand crafts. The fine motor skills of children in this age group are smoother and stronger than when they were younger. This increased body control allows them to work on strengthening other skills such as writing, drawing, using scissors, typing, and many other things. However, capabilities ranges are wide among children in this age group. Some may excel in one bodily function spot others struggle.Describe the gross motor development of this age group. Include information regarding walking, maintaining balance, coordination, jumping, reaching, play/activities involving motor movement, etc.The gross motor development of this age group of school-aged children is smoother and stronger than when they were younger. They also have purify coordination, balance, and endurance than the younger years. This inc reased body control allows school-aged children to improve on strengthening physical skills, such as speed and strength in sports and other physical activities, such as running and dance. Some children among this age group will have better endurance, coordination, and balance than others. Some may excel in sports, while others may just enjoy playing with friends and peers fun.POST-IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATIONObjectives EvaluationWere the learner objectives met? Evaluate each objective.Clients will verbalize understanding what bullying is by the end of the teaching session.Goal met. Clients verbalized an understanding of what bullying is by stating the definition of bullying by the end of my teaching session.Clients will verbalize understanding of the types of bullying by the end of the teaching session.Goal met. Clients verbalized an understanding of the different types of bullying by stating the different types of bullying by the end of the teaching session.Clients will verbalize unde rstanding on what to do if they encounter bullying by the end of the teaching session.Goal met. Clients verbalized an understanding of what to do if they encountered bulling by stating what they would actually do by the end of my teaching session.AssessmentsList two identified strengths of the teaching project. unmatchable of the strengths of my teaching project is that it was simple, yet age appropriate for the age group that I presented to.Another strength of my teaching project is as I presented the project, I asked questions throughout the presentation. I did this so that I could evaluate the cognitive development and language development of this age groupList two identified weaknesses of the teaching project.One of the weakness of my teaching project is that when I presented, I felt that I was talking too fast.Another weakness is that I was very upset when presenting my teaching project. However, that soon passed as I presented the teaching project.Growth and Development Obser vedDescribe the physical development of this age group in parity of what was listed as expected.Physically, children in this age group were of all different shapes and sizes. Some were more naturally stockier and some were skinnier than others. Some of the children had more body fat than others, while some had more muscle mass. Many of the girls were taller than the boys. While some of the boys were still taller than the girls. Some of the children were all of a sudden and stocky. Some were tall and stocky. Some of the children were tall and skinny, while others were short and skinny. I also noticed that when some of the children smiled, that they had acquired their permanent teeth.Describe the cognitive development of this age group in simile of what was listed as expected.Cognitively, the school-aged children were able to think critically about my teaching topic. They also were able to correctly answer the questions that I asked them and shared their own opinions about my teach ing project topic. In addition, they also were able to judge acts or actions by the intentions that stimulated those acts or actions. While presenting my teaching project, the students were actually able to tell me reason why people bully other people. They were also able to tell me who can be bullies and who can be bullied. They had logical responses to my questions and actually critically thought about the questions I asked them onwards answering.Describe the psychosocial development of this age group in comparison of what was listed as expected.The children seemed to be independent and obedient. They also socialized with their peers. Boys tended to spend time with boys and girls with girls. However, the children did interact with peers of the reversion sex.Describe the language development of this age group in comparison of what was listed as expected.This age groups language development was very sophisticated. They expressed their opinions about things using a vocabulary that was complex, but age appropriate. They answered questions using sophisticated words and were able to verbalize their feeling and opinions clearly.Describe the fine motor development of this age group in comparison of what was listed as expected.This age groups fine motor skills varied widely. Some of the childrens script was neat and readable, while some of their handwriting was difficult to decipher. The children also had pictures of activities that required cutting and scissors posted on the walls of the school.Describe the gross motor development of this age group in comparison of what was listed as expected.During recess, I saw the children make use of their smoother, stronger gross motor skills. There were children running and playing outside during recess as I unexpended the school. I also saw students that were playing soccer and jump roping.ReferencesProvide an annotated bibliography for the references used. A minimum of three sources must be utilized.Annotated Bibliograph yFranks, J. K. (2013). The relationship between strengths in youth and bullying experiences at school. Educational Child Psychology, 30(4), 44-58.This article discussed how bullying impacts ones self-esteem and self-perception of themselves. In addition, this article also discussed the emotional, social, and academic effects of bullying. The information about the consequences for both bullies and those who are bullied was also provided in detail. This article was a helpful resource because it not only provided detailed information about the consequences of bullying and the psychosocial effects of it, but it included evidence-based research information about bullying.Hockenberry, M.J., Wilson, D. (2013). Wongs essentials of pediatric nursing (9th ed.), Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family (pp.457-475). St. Louis, MO Elsevier.In this textbook, it provides information about the characteristics of bullies and those who bully. The long term effects of bullying are also discussed in this text. Information about why people bully was also provided in this textbook. This textbook was a very helpful resource because it provided detailed information about the characteristics of bullies and those who are bullied. In addition, it also provided detailed information about the long term effects and consequences of bullying.Park, C. (2014). Children And The Duty To Report The Double Standard Of Child Abuse And Anti-Bullying Laws. Indiana Law Review, 47(3), 843-869.This article discusses why it is important to have sex bullying and put a stop to it. It also gives the definition of bullying and describes the different types of bullying. This article was also a very helpful because it stressed the impressiveness of standing up to bullies and putting and end bullying. In addition, it provided a very detailed definition of bullying and the different types of bullying.

Shoplifting Effects on The Community Essay -- Theft Stealing Crime ess

shoplift is a major problem in today. The temptation of not paying for something, just hiding it away and saving your own money is a large factor for some people. The culprit just thinks hes getting a product for free and doesnt know what hes actually doing to himself and the community. Shoplifting effect everyone, yourself and the everyone in the local neighborhood.In this essay Im going to explain some of the circumstances of stealing from local stores, or any store. After Ive been caught stealing I undercoat out how wrong it is and how it is a disadvantage to everyone. The stores are tying to crack down on shoplifters by making the punishments as strict as possible. Shoplifting effects the community in a big way. The stores get about three cents per every dollar purchased for an item. So if you figure that they dont make a unanimous lot of money out of profit. Every shoplifter that takes a product likewise is taking the product, which costs money by the store so that is als o a set back and puts them more in debt. Some stores might even close down because of shoplifters making the store go bankrupt. The stores usually prink there prices and then causes more shoplifting, but the people that dont shoplift just end up having to pay more for the product or else go somewhere else to shop. If the customer goes to a different store because of the rising prices the store will also lose pipeline therefore could cause them to go out of business if enough customers leave.From ...

The Wife of Bath Essay -- Essays Papers

The Wife of BathHistorical Background One of the most memorable pilgrims of The Canterbury Tales, as well as one of the most memorable women in literature, is the Wife of Bath. She is a lusty and domineering woman who is proud of and outspoken about her sex and believes that a woman should lose sovereignty in a marriage (Norton 80). She is also extremely blunt and outspoken about her ideas and beliefs. Despite being a woman of the fourteenth century, her ideas, beliefs, and behavior are more like those of the twentieth century. For these reasons, she seems true to life even today. However, her ideas, beliefs, and behavior are not at each(prenominal) representative of the women of her time. Women in the Middle Ages had more freedom compared to women in the Anglo-Saxon period. However, women in the Middle Ages were still considered to be dependent on men. In the chivalrous period, most women were not formally educated. They did not have the right to own property, to express themsel ves freely and openly or to make their own decisions. They did not have a lot of freedom and choice, and were not treated as equal to men.In the Anglo-Saxon period women were generally identified by marital or sexual status. In Caedmons Hymn, as told by Bede, Abbess Hilda is an exception, because despite being a woman, she is the head of and rules over the monastery. In Beowulf, the tragic story of Hildeburh suggests that women were not warriors in the Anglo-Saxon culture and period. They were there to support their husbands and cook, clean, and give birth. In the house as well as in the society men were given ofttimes more importance and were favored over women. In the Anglo-Saxon period marriages were often arranged for political reasons to settle fe... ...ed subordinate and dependent on men. now women are treated more as equal to men. However, things are still not perfect. There is still a lot that needs to be changed. whole caboodle CitedAbrams, M. H. et al. The Norton Anthol ogy of English Literature. Vol. 1. Sixth Edition. New York W.W. Norton, & Co. 1993. 76-144.Benson. Chaucer The Canterbury Tales. February 1997. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http icg.harvard.edu/eng115b/Bobr, Janet. Welcome to Camelot. 1998. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http www.csis.pace.edu/grendel/prjs3f/arthur1.htmCanterbury Tales. 1998. November 30, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http userzweb.lightspeed.net/cheezit/pilgrims/index.htmlJokinen, Anniina. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400). July 1996. October 24, 1998. Online. Internet. Available http www.luminarium.org/medlit/chaucer.htm

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

Samuel Clemens was born and grew up in Hannibal, Missouri. This was the home of his later characters gobbler Sawer and Huck Finn. In these books he incorporated such features that really existed in Hannibal features such as Holidays Hill, Bear Creek and Lovers Leap. Clemens described the residents of Hannibal as happy and content with the lives they led in their small town.In his late teens, Clemens left Hannibal on a riverboat to become a printer in St. Louis. He moved up in the ranks of printing and moved to New York and eventually to Washington D.C. Clemens remembered how much fun he had had on the riverboat and how glorious it must live been to be a pilot. He soon decided to move to New Orleans to become a pilot. On the boat, he often heard things same Mark the twain, two fathoms deep. He liked how the words Mark Twain sounded and in one of his first books, Life on the Mississippi intimately his four years piloting the Spread Eagle along the twisting river, he decided to use the name Mark Twain.Mark Twain stop piloting the riverboat in 1861, at the start of the Civil War, to join the Union. He went to war for two weeks and left immediately after being involved in the shooting of a civilian. He said he knew retreating better than its inventor did. He soon decided to travel 1,700 miles from the Missouri Territory , to the Nevada Territory. He passed through Overland City, Horseshoe City, and many large and small cities in between.Clemens commented that Salt Lake City was healthy. He said that the city had one doctor who was arrested once a week for lack of work. Virginia City was very lively from all of the gold and silver found near. He commented that the saloons, courts and prisons were busy and there was a whisky mill every fifteen steps. Inspired by the vein of silver as wide as a New York City street chthonian Virginia City, Twain decided to go prospecting. Many people went prospecting crazy but Twain thought it must have skipped over him. After n ot finding any silver, he wrote a book called Roughing It.Clemens soon went to San Francisco and took a job at the San Francisco Times. From them he got the title of The Most Wild Humorist of the Pacific dip.