Dissertation Subjects

Exposition Subjects Exposition Subjects Exposition Subjects The decision of a thesis subject is significant, and it ought to be begun some time before you start composing your paper. You can be a handy scientist and a splendid author, yet on the off chance that you neglect to settle on a sufficient decision among loads of conceivable exposition subjects, your work will likely not be a triumph. The Choice of Dissertation Subjects Choosing your paper subject, think about its degree. Your subject ought to be very expansive to permit you to accumulate enough proof and think about all the inquiries inside your theme. For instance, in the event that you are doled out to compose a paper in topography, it isn't sensible to expound on the issue of contamination in the UK, since you won't have the option to cover this theme inside the extent of your thesis. That implies your subject ought to be very restricted for you to have the option to make a profound examination of the issue. Also, your examination should fit in your promise li mit. Paper subjects ought to be assessed by the understudies foundation information. It's anything but a smart thought to begin expounding on something which is completely new to you, you won't have the option to create it inside the time you have. As a matter of fact, you need more an ideal opportunity to squander it on tests. Great Dissertation Topics Are Innovative You realize that great exposition subjects ought to be new. In any case, it doesn't mean they ought to be totally new, you should explore subjects that as of now exist. In any case, it is significant that you explore this subject in another, unique way. Picking an exposition subject is somewhat more troublesome than composing a thesis itself. You should peruse a great deal, considering conceivable paper subjects, to figure out what has been done previously. The aftereffects of your work will be extremely valuable when you ignore to composing a writing survey and proposition. Utilize the assets your guide can offer you, he can show you the way where you can locate a subject deserving of exploration. Your director will most likely offer you some exposition subjects to browse, and it will be sensible to acknowledge this assistance. Pick the one speaking to you. Keep in mind, that in the event that you have backing of your administrator, your board of trustees will most likely be progressively faithful to you, as well. Last Note on Dissertation Topics Finally, the most significant part of a paper subject is that it ought to be fascinating for you, as a decent point is the one that you like!

How would you describe the protagonist of The Snows of Kilimanjaro Essay

How might you portray the hero of The Snows of Kilimanjaro Name three of his most significant attributes and supp - Essay Example While Henry sits tight for the methodology of the unavoidable hour, the plot of the story pushes forward through the memory of his musings of tremendous experience of poor people and â€Å"interesting lot†. The story is additionally spellbound with the regret and apology of Henry during his last hours as he evaluates the time he has squandered in his debauched life as opposed to recording his magnificent encounters. An exhaustive understanding and profound outline of the story would dispatch the perusers into three most relevant qualities of Henry’s character. The first clear quality in quite a while character is his eager nature. Henry apparently is restless and cynic all through the story. He is in a persistent journey and his perspective is likewise watched moving quicker. He is miserable and he is certain that no guide can be given to him with the exception of a serene passing which as indicated by him he is denied at the camp too, â€Å"Don't be senseless. I'm bit ing the dust now. Ask those mongrels. He glanced over to where the enormous, grimy winged animals sat, their exposed heads soaked in the slouched quills. A fourth planed down to run fast legged and afterward waddle gradually toward the others†. (Hemingway, 1998). Henry is seen censuring others for his disappointment which means that a pestering conduct.

Underneath your curves

Underneath your curves DID YOU KNOW? The new wave-y pop song I Should Be Allowed To Think by They Might Be Giants begins with the lyrics, I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving, hysterical Hello readers. Ive had an overwhelming number of requests for sample problems from this years integration bee at MIT. But first, a little bit about my life. Last night I made my TV boyfriend Alton Browns recipe for 40 Cloves and a Chicken. Basically you sear the chicken, cover it in oil, toss in 40 cloves of garlic, which incidentally take a surprisingly long time to peel, and forget about it in a 350 degree oven for 90 minutes. As Alton suggests in his In the Bulb of the Night episode, the leftover oil indeed makes arguably the best garlic bread in the entire world. After that, I headed over to the floor lounge to play Super Mario Kart with Gabe. Three hours later, I realized that maybe bringing my Super Nintendo back to MIT for IAP was not the best idea that I have ever had in my short but colorful life. That is all. So, heres some sample problems that I meant to put up with my entry the MIT Integration Bee last week. Each one should take you no more than four minutes to solve. Constants of integration are not necessary. No knowledge beyond one year of single-variable calculus should be necessary. Work hard! This took me like eleven minutes to make for you in Paint. Yes, dear, I do know how to use Mathematica, but Im in lab right now and I dont have it on this computer, so I figured this would be way, way easier. No, not the girl who builds robots. And while Im thinking of it, that brings us to FIRST ANNUAL TURKEY VS. SPAM POLL If you were describing an integral in words to somebody and you had to say, out loud, the symbol ln x, how would you pronounce it? 1. Natural log of x 2. Natural log x 3. Lynn x (rhymes with win) 4. Lonn x (rhymes with gone) 5. Log x 6. other (please specify) Coming attraction: Sweet suite painting.

The Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 847 Words

A brave woman sang a sombre song from inside a birdcage in the late 19th century. As a novelist and a well-known feminist, Charlotte Perkins Gilman fearlessly spoke up about her concepts on freedom in her masterpiece, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. She proposed a big issue -divorce- around that time. In this semi-autobiographical story, she describes her conflict of marital discord. Gilman intertwines her frustrations about a relationship with her husband and depicts the distress through many symbols, so that people should be aware what genuine happiness as a human being is. Through the relationship between Else and John, Gilman pointed out that females are given a disadvantage by their husbands. For example, she explains that John stands high because of his social status as a physician and a husband. Gilman illustrates this situation through the symbolism of the wallpaper: â€Å"two breadth didn’t match - one is a little higher than the other† (768). Another examp le is that Else is eager to live on the first floor because she can see the beautiful garden from the window, but John keeps her on the second floor even though they must move all the furniture from the first floor. Who is willing to carry all the heavy furniture, such as a bed, a mattress, a dining table and chairs to upstairs only for three months? John’s decision is quite unreasonable. However, John’s long absence is the most frustrating for her. â€Å"John goes out all day, and sometimes he stays in the hospital when he hasShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are pre sent. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Identity and Destruction Asian American in The Namesake...

In Mira Nair’s film, The Namesake, the disparate cultures of India and America affirms to the binary paradigm of â€Å"the one† and â€Å"the other†, manifesting the dominance of one from the other and its impact to influence and cause cultural and identity issues. The collision of the two cultures forms a process of trying to construct an identity and a destruction of an ethnic identity, with different factors to consider such as space and other sociocultural codes. This film about the Indian American also shows the concept of model-minority image, standards and expectations imposed to Asian Americans. The Namesake embodies the cultural and identity issues of an Asian American, particularly the Indian Americans, exemplifying the experiences of the†¦show more content†¦In first few scenes of the film, the man who befriended Ashoke Ganguli in the train said words that marked in Ashoke’s mind after the dreadful accident. The man asked Ashoke if he e ver had the chance to see the world, referring to England and America. He also mentioned his travel in England and pertained to it as dreamlike experience, away from the unclean landscape of India. Then, he advised Ashoke that he must go out of Indian and conquer the world while he’s still young. After his survival from the accident, Ashoke went to America, following the man’s advice. The scene in the train affirms to the binary schema between Indians and Americans, their perception of higher value of â€Å"the one† over â€Å"the other†. As Ashoke settled in the United States with his new wife, Ashima, as first-generation immigrants and started their own family, Ashoke insisted to her wife the life that America can offer to their children, from sufficient education and multiple possibility of a better future than a life in India. Ashoke’s principle towards life proves the conceptualized idea of America’s supremacy in different sociocultural aspects that again places the Asian Americans in the margin of the culture paradigm. Racism is another portion of the marginalization that is displayed in Nair’s film. A scene from the movie exhibits the perception of some Americans

The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920’s Free Essays

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was notorious for their hatred towards African Americans and their proclamation of white supremacy. They were known as the invisible empire and for their symbols of intimidation, which included white cloaks with hoods, and burning crosses. The KKK was depicted as an organization which was mostly active in the southern Confederate states and targeted African Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now It originally died out in the late 1860s, but The Klan rose again in the 1920’s because of the motion picture Birth of a Nation, new immigrants arriving to America, and hatred towards African-Americans . Birth of a Nation was a silent film that premiered in 1925 that was directed by D. W. Griffith. Griffith went to Johns Hopkins University where he met Woodrow Wilson and became good friends. Wilson was a supporter of the Klan. One of the slides in Birth of a Nation has a quote by Wilson that said,†The white men were roused by a mere instinct of self-preservation †¦ until at last there had sprung into existence a great Ku Klux Klan, a veritable empire of the South, to protect the Southern country. Dixon’s was a legislator, baptist preacher, lecturer, novelist,playwright, and an actor. The movie is based on the 1905 book The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan by Thomas Dixon (Chalmer 28). This story revolves around two polar opposite families; the northern Stonemans and the southern Camerons. In this story their sons and daughters fell in love but were split by the civil war stricken states and reconstruction had devastated them. Congressmen Stoneman (was based on radical republican Thaddues Stephens) was represented as a hate-filled villain, urged by his Mulatto mistress to degrade the captured south, and with the recent assassination of â€Å"The Great Soul,† Abraham Lincoln, there was nothing to stop his rage. According to the book the south was ruled by Black tyranny and black corruption ‘stained’ the legislative hall. The opposite of Congressmen Stoneman was Ben Cameron, leader of the KKK and a civil war hero of the south. In the end the Klan comes and saves the innocent, avenges the fallen, and reunites the grand lovers (Binder 9:166). D. W. Griffith based the movie on Dixon’s book, by re-staging the war battles, Sherman’s march to the sea. This gave the impression that the Klan was the ‘savior’ of the states and the patriots leading our country with an invisible fist. This inspired many people to be patriotic like the Klan but others wanted to be the Klan again. William J. Simmon was one who had viewed this movie and took it to heart. He thought that it was time to bring The Klan back. Colonel† Simmons plan for the Klan had been revealed in an advertisement in the Atlanta Journal on December 7 1915. It contained blurbs such as, â€Å" The world’s greatest secret, social, patriotic, fraternal, and beneficiary order. † This helped make the Klan more popular, but it wasn’t the only reason for the KKK’s substantial growth. There are many other things that led to the KKK success that fell into place beautifully. They were allowed to march in parades during World War I in demonstrations of patriotism. After the war the seized the opportunity for power. Binder 9:167) Many problems were caused by a new influx of immigrants across the United States. Race riots sprang up in Chicago, Omaha, Duluth, Springfield, Tulsa, Texas, Arkansas, Kansas, and Florida. The KKK disdained the new southern and eastern European immigrants that were. usually either Roman Catholic, Jews, Slavs, or Bolshevik. But they still hated people who were not white. This helped the KKK spread quickly through anti-Catholic socialist Wisconsin. The Catholics seemed to be real â€Å"threats† to the public schools and the enforcement of prohibition. The Klan actually favored something that may considered correct with there stance against alcohol during prohibition. The Klan went sour from there, when a few white men from Louisiana began criticizing them. These men where tortured and then later hanged by the Klan. This was known as The Mier Rouge Murders (Chalmer 29). The Ku Klux Klan spread to all corners of the United States, and all through the Midwest. William Allen White had experienced this first hand in 1921. He written of his experience and the experience of others. The following is from his letter that he had wrote on September 27, 1921. â€Å"An organizer of the Ku Klux Klan was in Emporia the other day, and the men whom he invited to join his band at $10 per join turned him down. Under the leadership of Dr. J. B. Brickell and following their own judgment after hearing his story, the Emporians told him that they had no time for him. The proposition seems to be: Anti-foreigners Anti-Catholics Anti-Negroes. There are, of course, bad foreigners and good ones, good Catholics and bad ones, and all kinds of Negroes. To make a case against a birthplace, a religion, or a race is wickedly un-american and cowardly. The whole trouble with the Ku Klux Klan is that it is based upon such deep foolishness that it is bound to be a menace to good government in any community,†(qtd Johnson 56). White went on to say how idiotic and self centered the Klan was by being so greedy and racial. He also said no one in Emporia fell into this recruiters clenches and they ran the recruiter out of town. (Johnson 285). The KKK had made there mark in many places. The KKK had control over many different government positions at the time such as in Indiana, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Oregon to name a few, but in Indiana the Klan was very influential. In 1924, Republican Edward Jackson was elected governor. This made the rest of the state filled with members of the Klan, but this had not lasted long (AP 135-136). 1924 Anaheim, California was taken completely over by the Ku Klux Klan to make it a model of a ‘perfect’ city, by taking over the city council, but it was short lived because the voters called for a special recall election. A little bit after this Earle Mayfield of Texas got the U. S Senators seat, this made the Klan very powerful in these regions(Chalmer 34). Klan members in government seats did not stop there. Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed a former Klan member as a Supreme Court Justice. This man was confirmed to be a big supporter of the Klan, this was Hugo Black. Hugo Black was from Alabama where the Ku Klux Klan had been growing rapidly. He joined the invisible empire and became a high ranking officer in the Klan. Later he entered into politics. He was supported by the Klan and prohibitionists alike. At the age of forty he had not been known all that well publicly in politics, but he had surpassed four other prominent candidates and won the Senate nomination in the democratic primary, which essentially assured him of victory. For the next year he campaigned in every County. As senator he had openly acknowledged Klan support and attended many state wide rallies. When the Klan political power diminished he broke his ties with them in 1930 (Van Deer Ver). In 1937 Franklin Roosevelt was frustrated with the conservative members of the supreme court. His legislation to appoint one member for every justice over the age of seventy had failed after a bitter 168 day fight in congress. That plan would have allowed him to appoint as many as six new justices. Roosevelt was not finished yet, as the struggle created one vacant seat, which he had filled with Hugo Black (Leuchtenburg 1). The Klan during the time of Black’s membership was very hateful to non white people, especially blacks. They had thought that their jobs were being snatched up by Black people. They also didn’t like them because the Ku Klux Klan viewed anyone who was not white as inferior to them. It had been a hard life for a black person during this time period because of the political power and the number of members in the Ku Klux Klan, they also always used the African Americans of scapegoats to their problems (Drowne 10). The downfall of the second wave Klan happened for a number of reasons but one main reason was the conviction of D. C Stephenson. Stephenson was a long time member of the Klan and became the high rank of Grand Dragon. He was Publicly known to be a strong Prohibitionist. In 1925 he went on trial for the murder of Madge Oberholtzer. He was also responsible for the abduction, forced intoxication, and rape of Ms. Oberholtzer. The court had ruled that He was sentenced to life in prison. This devastated the Klan and sent them on a steep decline of members. (AP 135-137) The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was very powerful during its prime. It started with Simmons, grew to enormous numbers, but then died out as quickly as it had came. The Ku Klux Klan had rapidly rose because of Griffith’s major motion picture Birth of a Nation, the amount of new immigrants arriving to the United States, and the racial tensions between the Klan and African Americans. How to cite The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920’s, Papers

Musculoskeletal System for Muscles and Cartilages- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMusculoskeletal System for Muscles and Cartilages. Answer: The human musculoskeletal system, which at times is called the locomotors system, comprises the skeletal bones, muscles, cartilages, tendon, and ligaments. Besides, it also includes the joints and other connective tissue components that that bind, supports and put tissues and organs together (Neumann, 2013). In general, it is composed of two systems, skeletal system, and muscular systems. The skeletal system is also known as the hard tissues and comprises of the bone and the cartilages. Muscular system, on the other hand, includes the muscles, ligaments tendons, synovial membranes and joint capsules. The musculoskeletal system describes the way bones-bones connection occur as well as how bones are connected to muscle fibers through other connective tissues which include ligaments and tendons. This system is the main reservoir of phosphorous and calcium in the body. The actual number of bones in the human body is among the controversial topics in medicine. During infancy, humans are believed to have over 300 bones. Some of these bones tend to fuse together as an individual grows and the average number of bones in a person's body is 206. However, the method of counting of these bones is what brings discrepancy. Some people see other structures as one bone having different parts while others count the parts as separate bones. Hence, in general, bones are classified into five different groups. These groups include the short bones, long bones, irregular bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. Besides, the skeletal system contains both individual and fused bones attached to ligaments, cartilages, and tendons (Kelley et al. 2002). The complex structure of skeletal tissue has two main divisions. One is the axial skeleton that comprises of the vertebral column, and the other one is the appendicular skeleton. The musculoskeletal system is charged with several functions. The main function is providing support to other tissues and structures of the body. Stability is another essential function of the system. It is also the system of the body that performs locomotion through contraction and relaxation of muscles (Watkins, 2010). The musculoskeletal system gives the body its forms due to its arrangement and alignment in the body. Calcium and phosphorous are stored within bones, which are the components of the system. In return, the storage capacity of the musculoskeletal system helps the body in regulating mineral balance in the blood stream. When the circulating minerals in the blood stream are high, the excess is stored in the bones and withdrawn when the supply is low. Formation of new blood cells occurs in the system as well as its supply. The bones contain two types of bone marrow; the yellow bone marrow and the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow contains the fatty connective tissues, which are located in the marrow cavity within the long bones. This stored fat in the yellow bone marrow is very important during starvation as the body uses it to generate energy. Redbone marrow, on the other hand, is a crucial site for blood production. It produces approximately 2.5 million blood cells per second, which then replace the ones destroyed by the liver (Powers, and Duarte, 2010). In adults, the red bone marrow forms all the platelets, erythrocytes and some of the leucocytes. In infants, the bone marrow is not well developed for the function of blood production, and thus the spleen takes up the role. Since the musculoskeletal system is made up of both hard and soft tissues, it protects delicate organs like the heart and lungs found in the interior parts of the body. After the production, the manufactured blood cells migrate from the bone marrow into the bloodstream to carry out their respective functions. Muscles come in three types, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles. Smooth muscles are found on the surfaces of narrow lumens. Their main functions are controlling the passage of substances through these lumens for instance blood in the blood arteries, veins, and capillaries. Cardiac muscles and the skeletal muscles have striations, which can be viewed under a microscope. However, it is only the smooth and skeletal muscles that are part of the musculoskeletal system. Also, the skeletal muscles are the only ones responsible for the movement of the body (Allison, Nazarian, 2010). Cardiac muscles occur in the heart, and their main function is pumping blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones in an opposing manner. Tendons are tough, fibrous and tough bands of connective tissues. The man function of tendons is connecting muscles to bones. When the muscles contract, tendons tend to transmit the force created to the rigid bones, which then pulls them resulting in movement. Tendons are elastic which makes them function as springs during movement, hence saving time. Structures that joint bones and allow bones to move against each other during movements are called joints. Joints are of two types, diarthroses, and the synarthroses. Diarthrosis are joints that allow movement between two articular heads. On the other hand, synarthroses are sometimes known as the false joints. They are immovable, hence allow no or little locomotion and are fibrous (Akdemir, G. (2010). The synovial fluid in the joints helps in lubrication. It thus reduces friction between the moving parts. Furthermore, a ligament is a tiny band of white, elastic and dense tissue. Their main function in the musculoskeletal system is to join the ends of bones together forming joints. Ligaments limit some movements that may lead to breaks and dislocations since they are elastic and increase their length while under pressure (Gallagher, 2010). When the stretching occurs and exceeds the limit, the ligaments are subjected to breaking and may lead to unstable joints. Also, ligaments tend to limit weird movements like hyperextension and hyperflexion. It also limits some certain directional locomotion. Therefore, the human musculoskeletal system, which at times is called the locomotors system, comprises the skeletal bones, muscles, cartilages, tendon, and ligaments. The main function is providing support to other tissues and structures of the body. Stability is another essential function of the system. References Neumann, D. A. (2013). Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System-E-Book: Foundations for Rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Watkins, J. (2010). Structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. Human Kinetics 1. Berquist, T. H. (Ed.). (2012). MRI of the musculoskeletal system. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Powers, S. K., Duarte, J., Kavazis, A. N., Talbert, E. E. (2010). Reactive oxygen species are signaling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptation. Experimental physiology, 95(1), 1-9. Allison, S. J., Nazarian, L. N. (2010). Musculoskeletal ultrasound: evaluation of ankle tendons and ligaments. American Journal of Roentgenology, 194(6), W514-W514. Akdemir, G. (2010). Thoracic and lumbar int Fitts, R. H., Trappe, S. W., Costill, D. L., Gallagher, P. M., Creer, A. C., Colloton, P. A., ... Riley, D. A. (2010). Prolonged space flight?induced alterations in the structure and function of human skeletal muscle fibers. The Journal of physiology, 588(18), 3567-3592.Raforaminal ligaments. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 13(3), 351-355. Kelley, D. E., He, J., Menshikova, E. V., Ritov, V. B. (2002). Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51(10), 2944-2950.

Name BTM free essay sample

Make sure you save your files in accessible action. BATHMAT-8 Advanced Scholarly Writing Week 1 Assignment: Referencing Peer Reviewed Studies Faculty use Only ;:Date Graded> Referencing Peer Reviewed Studies BATHMAT-8,week 1 Name Professor January 04, 2015 The mission of Northwestern University is to educate professionals throughout the world and enable them for success. At the beginning of every course, the student must check their email, review the course syllabus, grading rubric, course content, and policies.The course syllabus will lay the foundation for he course guidelines and provide a timeline for assignments. The main reason chose a DAB is that a PhD is to advance knowledge, whereas the primary goal of a DAB is to advance professional practice. Began my course by reviewing the syllabus, rubric, and course content. The UNCLE Rubric can also be found on the Academic Success Center. The NICE Rubric states that content consists of 70% and writing (including PAP formatting) is 30% of your overall grade. We will write a custom essay sample on Name BTM or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I reviewed the course content and determined how I would have to manage my time, each week.Weeks 1-7 will require a 5-7 page paper ND week 8 will be 12-15 page paper. The Northwestern Academic Success Center is the one-stop area for all academic services. The center offers coaching in scholarly writing, time management courses, library resources, tutorials, and guidance on turning reporting. The Northwestern Library is a centralized and unprecedented global resource that provides high-quality informational resources. The Road Runner search allows you to search conveniently for full text, scholarly, and peer-reviewed articles.The Northwestern Academic Integrity Policy site is a resource for students o be aware of the appropriate guidelines to follow. If a violation of academic integrity, has been discovered, then the students instructor will complete the Notice of Possible Academic Integrity Violation. After the review has been completed, the Dean will notify the student and the instructor of the outcome (Importance of Reading and Understanding This Policy, 2012). In the Library and under popular databases, I explored the different sources for research and articles. In three of the databases, I searched for Organizational Leadership.

Verbs Used With Electronics

Verbs Used With Electronics Today we live, work, eat and breath surrounded by gadgets. Gadgets can be defined as small devices and tools that we use to do a wide variety of tasks. Generally speaking, gadgets are electronics, but some gadgets such as a can opener are not. Today we have many mobile devices that are our favorite gadgets. There are many common verbs used to describe the actions we take with these devices. This article focuses on the proper verbs to express these actions for gadgets in the home, cars, computers, tablets, and smartphones. Lights Turn On/Turn Off The verbs turn on and turn off are the most common verbs used with a wide range of electronic devices including lights. Could you turn the lights on?Ill turn off the lights when I leave the house. Switch On/Switch Off As an alternative to turn on and turn off we use switch on and switch off especially for devices with buttons and switches. Let me switch on the lamp.Could you switch the lamp off? Dim/Brighten Sometimes we need to adjust the brightness of lights. In that case, use dim to reduce light or brighten to increase light. The lights too bright. Could you dim them?I cant read this newspaper. Can you brighten the lights? Turn Up/Down Turn up and turn down are also sometimes used with the same meaning as dim and brighten.   I cant read this very well could you turn up the lights?Lets turn down the lights, put on some jazz and get cozy. Music We all love music, dont we? Use start and stop with music devices such as stereos, cassette players, record players, etc. These verbs are also used when speaking about listening to music with popular music programs such as iTunes or apps on smartphones.   Start/Stop Click on the play icon to start listening.To stop replay just tap the play button again. Play/Pause Just click here to play the music.Click on the play icon a second time to pause music. We need to adjust volume as well. Use the verbs adjust, turn the volume up or down. Adjust the volume on the device by pressing these buttons.Press this button to turn the volume up, or this button to turn down the volume. Increase/Decrease/Reduce You can also use increase/decrease or reduce to speak about adjusting the volume: You can increase or decrease volume using the controls on the device.Could you please reduce the volume? Its too loud! Computers/Tablets/Smart Phones Finally, we all use a wide range of computers which can include laptops, desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones.  We can use the simple verbs turn and switch on and switch off with computers. Turn On/Switch On/Turn Off/Switch Off Could you turn on the computer?I want to switch off the computer before we leave. Boot and restart are terms that are often used to describe starting your computing device. Sometimes its necessary to restart a computing device when you install software to update the computer.   Boot (Up)/Shut Down/Restart Boot the computer and lets get to work!I need to restart the computer to install the software. Its also necessary to start and stop using programs on our computers. Use open and close: Open/Close Open Word on your computer and create a new document.Close a few programs and your computer will work better. Launch and exit are also used to describe starting and stopping programs. Launch/Exit Click on the icon to launch the program and get to work.In Windows, click on the X in the upper right-hand corner to exit the program. On the computer, we need to click and double click programs and files to use them: Click/Double Click   Click on any window to make it the active program.Double click on the icon to launch the program. On tablets and smartphones we tab and double tap: Tap/Double Tap Tap any app on your smartphone to open.Double tap the screen to see the data. Cars Start/Turn On/Turn Off Before we go anywhere, we need to start or turn on the engine. When were done, we turn off the engine. Start the car by placing the key in the ignition.Turn off the car by turning the key to the left.Turn on the car by pressing this button. Put, place and remove are used to more precisely how we start and stop our cars. Put the key into the ignition/remove the keyPlace the key into the ignition and start the car.After you have put the car in park, remove the key from the ignition. Driving the car involves using different gears. Use these verbs to describe the various steps. Put Into Drive/Gears/Reverse/Park   Once youve started the car, put the car into reverse the car out of the garage.Put the car into drive and step on the gas to accelerate.Change gears by depressing the clutch and shifting gears. Gadget Verbs Quiz Test your knowledge with the following quiz. The light is too bright. Could you _____ it?On your smartphone, _____ on any icon to open an app.To _____ your computer, press the on button.I cant hear the music. Could you _____ the volume _____?Reduce volume means to ______ volume._____ the key into the ignition and start the car.  _____ your car in that garage.To drive forward, _____ drive and step on the gas.Click on the icon to _____ Word for Windows.Click on the X in the upper right-hand corner to _____ the program.Do you _____ your computer before you go home every evening? Answers dim  tapboot (up)turn the volume  updecreasePutParkPut into  launchcloseboot down/turn off

Skill Application Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Skill Application Evaluation - Essay Example The texts and phone calls always lead to disagreements with her. The messages have no significant meanings. Besides, anytime I humbly pass my positive intentions to her through the phone, I only receive negative odds; she misinterprets the intentions since she thinks that I am furious. I have chosen the activity to build a relationship by communicating supportively with my elder sister in order to heal our family relationship. I feel unreal associating positively with friends rather than my sister who is a family member. I am aware she does not intend to do anything to harm me. I am dedicated to give Kerry, my sister, a chance in my life. In addition, I intend to offer her an opportunity to be a sister who can listen and reason with me. Whenever our parents speak, they support and encourage us to be friends and solve our differences amicably. Consequently, our parents silence us to find lasting peace for us. Therefore, the activity I chose for building relationships by communicating supportively and engaging in supportive communication as problem-oriented and not person-oriented, assisted my sister and me, into knowing each other’s character and learning from one another. This skill application in problem solving has assisted me in gaining and learning human differences in terms of character and, hence building my relationships through effective supportive communication. When solving disagreements an individual experiences various problems. In settling conflicts between my sister and I, I experienced challenges from developments of different characters displayed by my sister, since most of the communication between my sister and I, were commanded and dictatorial. One of the characters was my sisters raised voice during the discussion period. Moreover, Life at home was unbearable between my elder sister and i. There were many miss-understandings on how we associate and interact daily. My daily experiences with her concentrated on arguments and

Introduction to Law and Contracts Research Paper - 1

Introduction to Law and Contracts - Research Paper Example It concludes with a signature page, allowing for the signature of the executive, David G. DeWalt; the Executive Vice President and CFO of McAfee Inc.; Jonathan Chadwick, and Renee J. James, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Software and Services Group, Intel Corporation; and the necessary witnesses. This written contract fulfills the definition of an express contract as â€Å"a contract in which all elements of a contract are specifically stated (offer, acceptance, consideration), and the terms are stated, as compared to an "implied" contract in which the existence of the contract is assumed by the circumstances.† (â€Å"Express Contract†, 2005) The Law of Contracts, Treitels classic text defines a contract offer as â€Å""an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed". (Treitel, 2007) In this case the person to whom it is addressed, also known as the offeree, is the party known as the executive, David G. DeWalt. Therefore, the contract offer is made when the contract document is presented to David G. DeWalt and his attorneys or representatives in these contract negotiations. This offer document also contains conditions on which the offer is contingent. The offer is occurring coincident with merger negotiations and is contingent on â€Å"the execution of the Merger Agreement.† Acceptance is therefore a matter of more than the three parties signing the contract in the presence of the required witnesses. This contract can only be considered to have been accepted if the Merger Agreement is also duly signed and witnessed and â€Å"shall become effective immediately preceding the Closing Date, as defined in the Merger Agrement.† Normally an offer of employment is accepted when it is signed before witnesses. However, this employment contract can only be considered accepted if

What is dyslexia?

What is dyslexia?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been 100 years since the first case of developmental dyslexia was described. Hitherto numerous researches had shed light on the causes and consequences of this disorder but the debate concerning its definition is still highly contented. In this essay, I will first answer the question of what is dyslexia and then move to the debate of whether it has a genetic basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, I will introduce what has been done in the early research of dyslexia and then tried to find a definition for us to understand dyslexia properly. Secondly, I will introduce the research for supporting the view that dyslexia has a genetic basis. 1.1 Early history of research on dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reading, a complex behavior that requires a set of cognitive skills, has been highly valued by society and is a key component to education. An inability to read has profound social and psychological consequences. Several scholars in the 19th century studied the loss of the ability to read or understand writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kurrmaul in 1877 describe the reading difficulties of literate brain-damaged patients as word-blindness. It is only in 1887 that a German ophthalmologist, R Berlin, first used the word ‘dyslexia to describe reading difficulties caused by cerebral disease or injury. However, having read articles published by Hinshelwood in the 1890s and early 1900s, W.P Morgan (1895) points out that a patient can be suffering from dyslexia without cerebral disease or injury. He quotes the case of a boy who has reading difficulties even though he has suffered no apparent brain damage. Though for a long time, the problem of dyslexia is widely studied, dyslexia was not a common knowledge for more than half a century and the concept of dyslexia was not familiar and unclear to many people. People need to understand what dyslexia is in order to help ones inflicted with the disease. 1.2 The definition of dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dyslexia is a neurological disorder with a genetic origin and behavioral signs which extend beyond problems of written language. Early research confined the dyslexia into a medical model and thus clinical practice fail to distinguish a dyslexia patient from normal readers. In the 1968 World Federation of Neurology meeting, a definition of dyslexia formally introduced and stated that dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are mostly of constitutional origin. Many scholars criticize this definition. Firstly, the terms are vague as there are insufficient examples to illustrate conventional instruction or to point out the criteria of adequate intelligence and to explain the meaning of socio-cultural opportunity. These scholars point out that the biggest weakness of this definition is exclusio n. The definition only states what a person with dyslexia should not be and does not include criteria for its positive diagnosis other than to state that it is a reading difficulty dependent on fundamental cognitive disabilities (Snowling, 2004). Although its definition debatable, it is applied by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and the international classification of mental and behavioral disorders for many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers have never stop on the medical model. Without positive diagnosis criterion, doctors cannot differentiate children with specific reading difficulties and children who have reading difficulties because of a more general learning problems. Scholars have adopted tests through the comparisons of verbal IQ (intelligence quotient) and performance on reading tests of children with reading retardation and skilled reader in a hope that it could identify the children with dyslexia. Nonetheless, a number of findings such as Morton and Frith (1995) highlighted that it is not correct to assume that literacy problems are the only symptoms of dyslexia. These tests are purely behavioral definitions and the diagnosis is relative. For instance, there are many examples that show discrepancies with the predictions carried out by those researches. Some dyslexia children after receiving highly effective training in decoding non-words would score well and many children with r eading problems can improve their reading ability by having a better relationship with their teachers. Overly depending on these tests as a short cut to diagnosis would run the risk of excluding dyslexic children with reading problems and involve children who only show mild positive signs of dyslexia. The definition that concerns dyslexia as synonymous with specific reading difficulty has failed to be self evidence because it only focuses solely on reading and IQ-test performance and other tests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One way out of this dilemma is to consider dyslexia as a disorder that has multi-levels of description. Rutter and Yule (1975) pointed out that the specific reading retardation is usually multi-factorially determined opposed to the claim that dyslexia is a unitary condition. Being a developmental disorder, dyslexia can be expected to have behavioral features that will change with maturation and response to environmental interactions (cf.Bishop, 1997). It may therefore be unrealistic to agree upon a simple and unchanging definition of dyslexia. Frith (1997) argued that there are causal links from brain to mind to behavior that must be considered when attempting to understand dyslexia. It is important to seek explanations at the three different levels in this causal chain namely the biological, the cognitive and the behavioral, in order to develop a comprehensive theory of why some children fail ‘unexpectedly&tsquo; to learn to read(Morton and Frith, 1995). Mo reover, the environmental factors will act as a stimulus to intensify or meliorate the condition of these three levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common ground of the study of dyslexia, agrees that dyslexia is a neuro-development disorder with a biological origin and behavioral signs which extend far beyond problems of written language (Frith, 1997). The idea of dyslexia as a syndrome with a neurological basis springs from the work of Tim Miles, Elaine Miles and many intelligent students. It helps to solve the paradoxes that exist in defining dyslexia. Morton and Frith (1997) had developed a framework with three levels and environmental influence in a neutral view to describe a descriptive definition of dyslexia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The past 15 years have seen a continuing increase in research effort aimed at identifying the biological underpinnings of dyslexia. Galaburda (1989) demonstrated abnormal symmetry in the structure of the planum temporal; Livingstone et al. (1991) identified cellular migration abnormalities in the magnocellular system of the brain which have been related to behavioral findings by Cornelissen et al.(1995). Genetic linkage studies with dyslexic families have identified regions on chromosomes 15, 1 and recently 6 (Cardon et al., 1994). Thus, restricting the discussion to behavioral observation is no longer necessary. This gap has been widened by cognitive neuro-science which insists that there is a space for the scientific study of the mind and brain and not just behavior (Frith, 1995). Cognitive level of explanation can be a bridge that links brain and behavior together. Cognitive abilities can be explained by Cognitive theories through observable behavior. The poor reading performance can be termed as a cognitive dysfunction which in turn can be explained by a brain dysfunction. In addition, this causal links chains from brain to mind to behavior has to be set within the context of environmental and cultural influences. Figure2(Mortan and Frith 1995)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An illustration of the causal modeling of dyslexia with the hypothesis of a phonological deficit hypothesis now shows in figure 2. In this figure, Morton and Frith in 1995 argued that when we try to explain a developmental disorder, we have to make a distinction between different levels of description. In the biological level and environmental level, we can look for causes and cures and in the behavioral level we can observe and assess the patient. Then the cognitive level lies in between these levels and have links with the rest of the levels. Here, the intuitive clinical impression can be captured and that the presenting disorder is a distinct and recognizable entity despite variable symptoms. This notation enables different theories about a disorder to be represented in a neutral fashion (Frith, 1995). The proposal of a phonological deficit as the cognitive basis of dyslexia has a strong theoretical and empirical support that it has been widely accepted. Starti ng on the biological level of figure 2, it is supposed that there is a congenital dysfunction of left-hemisphere perisylvian brain areas which affects phonological processing (Galaburda, 1989; Paulesu et al., 1996; Rumsey et al., 1992). Furthermore, the evidence for a genetic origin of dyslexia is increasingly compelling (Pennington, 1990). However, this theory also has its pitfalls. One of the biggest weakness of the phonological theory is it does not effectively explain the occurrence of sensory and motor disorders in dyslexic individuals. People who support the phonological theory typically have dismissed these disorders as not part of the core features of dyslexia. They consider their co-occurrence with the phonological deficit as potential markers of dyslexia instead of treating them as a causal role in the aetiology of reading impairment (Snowling, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the domain of neauro-cognitive causes study of dyslexia, there are two other theories: the cerebellar theory and the magnocellular theory. The former one is that the dyslexics cerebellum is mildly dysfunctional and that a number of cognitive difficulties ensue, whereas the latter one postulates that the magnocellular dysfunction is no restricted to the visual pathways but is generalized to all modalities (Ramus et al, 2003). These three theories do not contradicted each other but potentially compatible. When it refers to the cognitive level, three theories imply a processing deficit. Fast temporal processing may be a basic characteristic of all perceptual systems, visual as well as auditory, object-based as well as speech-based. On the other hand, the slower-than- normal perceptual processing might affect the development of a phonological system (Frith, 1997). 1.3 Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any definition should be seen as a hypothesis and to be rejected if future findings disprove it. As Tim Miles said that, a diagnosis of dyslexia is, in effect, a sort of bet. The definition in the framework of biological, cognitive and behavioral level within the interaction of cultural influences depict the dyslexia as a neuro-developmental disorder with a biological origin, which affects speech processing with a range of clinical manifestations (Frith, 1997). In this definition, it appears that the cognitive level of description provides a unifying theory of dyslexia. Such a theory is necessary to pool together the numerous different observational strands in this most intriguing and subtle disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the discussion of definition issues in dyslexia, we turn to focus on the approval that dyslexia has its genetic basis. We will first look at the study of heritability in dyslexia and then to talk about the genetic findings for supporting dyslexia has a genetic basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rapidly accumulating evidence suggests that developmental dyslexia is one of many common familial disorders. The genetic explanations of dyslexia are rather convinced by research that uses the newly genetic techniques and statistical methods in the genetic study of dyslexia. Although most findings cannot be replicated as there are many variants need to be identified. We still can believe that dyslexia has a genetic basis by the evidence of the genetic study of dyslexia. 2.1 Famaliality of Dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The question of whether dyslexia has a genetic basis has been studied for a very long time. Numerous researches have been conducted. Among them, there are a number of findings that suggest developmental dyslexia is hereditary. Orton in 1925 hypothesizes that children born in a family of dyslexia have great chance of being dyslexia. According to a recent estimation made by Gilger, Pennington and Deferies in 1991, the risk of a son with a dyslexia father to be a dyslexia is approximate 40% and about 36% if the mother is dyslexia. Moreover, if both parents are affected, the risk and severity of dyslexia in the child would greatly increase. Nevertheless, for the girls, this ratio is relatively lower, at about 20% regardless of the gender of the affected parent (Childsfinucci,1983;DeferiesDecker,1982;Pennington,1991).However,the higher familial aggregation of reading problems is insufficient to prove that dyslexia has genetic basis. The environment shared by families a re strongly influence their reading ability. 2.2 Twins Studies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The twins studies can help us understand the complexity of the interaction between genes and environment in some degree. The first kind of twin studies is the comparison of concordance rates that could evaluate the hereditary basis of dyslexia as a clinical condition. The second evaluates the reading performance of twins for estimating heritability coefficient by analyzing various indicators of reading performance. Thus, it is important to diffrentiate these two types of twin studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first kind of twin study of dyslexia, researchers compared the concordance rates in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs the identical twin pairs and dizygotic(DZ) twin pairs the fraternal pairs. Regression counted in the research dues to the assessment of environmental factors and its interaction with genes in reading disabled. The results show that at least one member of every pair had reading problems. Moreover, MZ has a higher concordance for reading disability than in DZ twin pairs (Hermann, 1959; Zerbin-Rudin, 1967;Decker and Vandenberg,1985). By comparing the findings of the concordance rates in twin pairs we can imply that developmental dyslexia has a genetic aetiology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second type of twin pairs, a vast number of studies have reported MZ and DZ twin correlations for various measures of reading performance (Grigorenko, 1996). MZ correlations implied the presence of genetic influence through the comparison with DZ correlations. However, heritability estimates are varied. Some of the variability can be due to the fact that the sample size of those main researchers was relatively small. In addition, some twin studies suggest that only certain reading-related skills are inherited. Thus it has been shown that word recognition, phonological coding show important genetic influence, whereas reading comprehension and orthographic coding do not (Olson, Wise,Conners,Rack,Fulker, 1989). Because the latter one significantly influenced by the environmental factors. 2.3 Pattern of Transmission of Dyslexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers had conducted a number of segregation analyses, fitting different statistical models corresponding to various patterns to investigate the transmission of genes in families with reading disability. Some observers have concluded that familial dyslexia is transmitted in an autosomal (not sex-linked) dominant mode (Childs Finucci, 1983; Hallgren, 1950), whereas others have found only partial (Pennington et al.,1991) or no support for an autosomal or codominant pattern of transmission. These findings were interpreted as suggesting that specific reading disability is genetically heterogeneous (Finucci et al.,1976; Lewitter, DeFries, Elston, 1980). In here, Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping also has been applied (Cardon et al., 1994;Fulker et al.,1991) in order to localize individual genes that contribute to the development of dyslexia. 2.4 Genetic Localization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The researchers passionately set an ultimate goal of genetic study that is to locate and isolate the responsible gene for dyslexia. Once the genes responsible for dyslexia is located, the protein product encode by the gene may permit a physiological explanation for its role in normal processes or diseases and finally contributed to a gene therapy for dyslexic. However, some researchers like Snowling (2000) consider the location of genes is a wide goose chase. The human genome has a rough estimation of about 35 000 genes which distributed over 3 billion bp of DNA and half of them is related to brains. Even when researchers limited the number of candidate genes to screen by using different biological hypotheses, they still need to work with thousands of genes. Thus, considering the risk of failing to match any given hypothesis, researches adopt the linkage and association analysis these two types of mapping strategies. The principle underlying both genetic linkage a nd association mapping is to test for non-random relations between phenotypic similarity across many individuals and haplotype sharing between them. With more generations the analysis become more powerful and accurate because each meiosis provides another opportunity for spurious genotype-phenotype relations to decompose. Linkage analysis refers to the analysis of individuals for whom family relations are known, whereas association analysis is used for large samples of unrelated individuals. Now, linkage analysis is generally less effective than association analysis in detecting genotype-phenotype relations within a study sample size. However, linkage mapping can be done with much fewer genetic markers and is hence easier to use in practice than association analysis. Genome-wide linkage can be carried out by analysis of about 400 highly polymorphic DNA markers. By contrast, association mapping has the power to focus on the specific causal DNA variants that influence phenotype variab ility but in most case it must use much more times that use to analyse DNA polymorphisms then linkage mapping used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using current molecular techniques of linkage analysis to carefully study selected family trees of dyslexic individuals in which developmental dyslexia reoccurs in different generations, some early results showed that a major gene for dyslexia was located on the short arm of chromosome 15 (Pennington et al.,1991;Smith, Pennington, Kimberling, Ing,1990). Fulker and his colleagues in 1991 replicated the same result of chromosome 15 though selecting a sample of siblings with reading problems in the study of original extended-family. Others like Lubs in 1991, Rabin in 1993 and Cardon in 1994 did not find the same results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From a recently review of genetic study of dyslexia, we can see that the candidate genes DCDC2 the double cortin doman containing protein 2 and K1AA0319 show strongest links to the dyslexia among severely affected individuals. However, the candidate genes chromosome 15 and ROBO1 roundabout Drosophila Homolog of 1, which were identified through breakpoint mapping in Finnish patients, seem to be less involved in the development of dyslexia across different populations. However, their research is limited to a few families in the Finnish population and to date, no specific cognitive processes are known to be influenced by the proposed susceptibility genes. Some studies have already started to include neurophysiological and imaging procedures in their phenotype characterization of patients. The molecular genetic studies conducted so far have not considered gender-specific genetic effects. A satisfactory power to detect such effects can be provided only when gender is t aken into account during the analysis of results, and this should be a feature of future studies (Schumacher et al, 2008) 2.5 Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although, scientific research has yet to prove that dyslexia is a gentic disorder, many researchers and evidence have show that it is a high possibility. In my opinion, dyslexia is a genetic disease and its symtoms can be aggravated or mitigated by the environment. Nevertheless, more research into the correlationship of the genetic factor and the environment needs to be conducted to verify this claim. Reference: Beaton,A.A(2004). Dyslexia, Reading and the Brain: a sourcebook of psychological and Biological Research. East Sussex: Psychology Press. Francks.C, MacPhie,L.I, Monaco,P.A(2002). The genetic basis of dyslexia. Lancet Neurology 2002, 1, 483-490. Frith.U(1999). Paradoxes in the definition of dyslexia. Dyslexia, 5, 192-214. Hulme. C,Snowling.M(1997). Dyslexia: biology, cognition, and intervention. San Diego: Singular Pub. Miles,E.(1995).Can there be a single definition of dyslexia? Dyslexia, 1, 37-45. Raskind, H.W (2001). Current understanding of the genetic basis of reading and spelling disability. Learning Disability Quarterly, 24(summer), 141-157 Olson, R.K(2002). Dyslexia:nature or nurture. Dyslexia, 8(3), 143-157 Ramus. F, Rosen.S, Dakin,C.S, Day,L.B., Castellote,M.J., White.S Frith.U(2003). The theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain, 126, 841-865. Sladen,K.Brenda(1970). Inheritance of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia. 20(1), 30-40. Snowling,J.M(2000), Dyslexia. Massachusettes: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Siegel,L.S.(1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilites,25, 618-629. Sternberg,J.R Spear-Swerling.L(1999). The perspectives on learning disabilities. Colorado: Westview Press. Schumacher. J., Hoffmann. P, Schmal. C, Schulte-Korne. G, Nothen,M.Markus(2007). Genetic of dyslexia: the evolving landscape. J med Genet 2007, 44, 289-297. Wood, B. F., Grigorenko, L.E (2001). Emerging issues in the genetics of dyslexia: a methodological preview. Journal of learning disabilities, 34(6), 503-511

Bluetooth based smart sensor network Essay

Currently, huge electronic data repositories are being maintained by banks and other financial institutions. Valuable bits of information are embedded in these data repositories. The huge size of these data sources make it impossible for a human analyst to come up with interesting information (or patterns) that will help in the decision making process. A number of commercial enterprises have been quick to recognize the value of this concept, as a consequence of which the software market itself for data mining is expected to be in excess of 10 billion USD. This paper is intended for those who would like to get aware of the possible applications of data mining to enhance the performance of some of their core business processes. In this paper discussion is about the broad areas of application, like risk management, portfolio management, trading, customer profiling and customer care, where data mining techniques can be used in banks and other financial institutions to enhance their busin ess performance. INTRODUCTION: As knowledge is becoming more and more synonymous to wealth creation and as a strategy plan for competing in the market place can be no better than the information on which it is based, the importance of knowledge and information in today’s business can never be seen as an exogenous factor to the business. Organizations and individuals having access to the right information at the right moment, have greater chances of being successful in the epoch of globalization and cut-throat competition. Business Intelligence focuses on discovering knowledge from various electronic data repositories, both internal and external, to support better decision making.  Data mining techniques become important for this knowledge discovery from databases. In recent years, business intelligence  systems have played pivotal roles in helping organizations to fine tune the business goals such as improving customer retention, market penetration, profitability and efficiency. In most cases, these ins ights are driven by analyses of historical data. Global competitions, dynamic markets, and rapidly decreasing cycles of technological innovation provide important challenges for the banking and finance industry. Worldwide just-in-time availability of information allows enterprises to improve their flexibility. In financial institutions considerable developments in information technology have led to huge demand for continuous analysis of resulting data. Data mining can contribute to solving business problems in banking and finance by finding patterns, causalities, and correlations in business information and market prices that are not immediately apparent to managers because the volume data is too large or is generated too quickly to screen by experts. The managers of the banks may go a step further to find the sequences, episodes and periodicity of the transaction behaviour of their customers which may help them in actually better segmenting, targeting, acquiring, retaining and maintaining a profitable customer base. Business Intelligence and data mining techniques can also help them in identifying various classes of customers and come up with a class based product and/or pricing approach that may garner better revenue management as well. The broad categories of application of Data Mining and Business Intelligence techniques in the banking and financial industry vertical may be viewed as follows: Risk Management Managing and measurement of risk is at the core of every financial institution. Today’s major challenge in the banking and insurance world is therefore the implementation of risk management systems in order to identify, measure, and control business exposure. Here credit and market risk present the central challenge, one can observe a major change in the area of how to measure and deal with them, based on the advent of advanced database and data mining technology.( Other types of risk is also available  in the banking and finance i.e., liquidity risk, operational risk, or concentration risk. ) Today, integrated measurement of different kinds of risk (i.e., market and credit risk) is moving into focus. These all are based on models representing single financial instruments or risk factors, their behaviour, and their interaction with overall market, making this field highly important topic of research. Financial Market Risk For single financial instruments, that is, stock indices, interest rates, or currencies, market risk measurement is based on models depending on a set of underlying risk factor, such as interest rates, stock indices, or economic development. One is interested in a functional form between instrument price or risk and underlying risk factors as well as in functional dependency of the risk factors itself. Today different market risk measurement approaches exist. All of them rely on models representing single instrument, their behaviour and interaction with overall market. Many of this can only be built by using various data mining techniques on the proprietary portfolio data, since data is not publicly available and needs consistent supervision. Credit Risk Credit risk assessment is key component in the process of commercial lending. Without it the lender would be unable to make an objective judgement of weather to lend to the prospective borrower, or if how much charge for the loan. Credit risk management can be classified into two basic groups: Credit scoring/credit rating: Assignment of a customer or a product to risk level. (i.e., credit approval) Behaviour scoring/credit rating migration analysis. Valuation of a customer‘s or product’s probability of a change in risk level within a given time. (i.e., default rate volatility) In commercial lending, risk assessment is usually an attempt to quantify the risk of loss to the lender when making a particular lending decision. Here credit risk can quantify by the changes of value of a credit product or of a whole credit customer portfolio, which is based on change in the instrument’s ranting, the default probability, and recovery rate of the instrument in case of default. Further diversification effects influence the result on a portfolio level. Thus a major part of implementation and care of credit risk management system will be a typical data mining problem: the modelling of the credit instrument’s value through the default probabilities, rating migrations, and recovery rates. Three major approaches exist to model credit risk on the transaction level: accounting analytic approaches, statistical prediction and option theoretic approaches. Since large amount of information about client exist in financial business, an adequate way to build such models is to use their own database and data mining techniques, fitting models to the business needs and the business current credit portfolio. Portfolio Management Risk measurement approaches on an aggregated portfolio level quantify the risk of a set of instrument or customer including diversification effects. On the other hand, forecasting models give an induction of the expected return or price of a financial instrument. Both make it possible to manage firm wide portfolio actively in a risk/return efficient manner. The application of modern risk theory is therefore within portfolio theory, an important part of portfolio management. With the data mining and optimization techniques investors are able to allocate capital across trading activities to maximise profit or minimise risk. This feature supports the ability to generate trade recommendations and portfolio structuring from user supplied profit and risk requirement. With data mining techniques it is possible to provide extensive scenario analysis capabilities concerning expected asset prices or returns and the risk involved. With this functionality, what if simulations of varying market c onditions e.g. interest rate and exchange rate changes) cab be run to assess impact on the value and/or risk associated with portfolio, business unit counterparty, or trading desk. Various scenario results can be regarded by considering actual market conditions. Profit and loss analyses allow users to access an asset class, region, counterparty, or custom sub portfolio can be benchmarked against common international benchmarks. Trading For the last few years a major topic of research has been the building of quantitative trading tools using data mining methods based on past data as  input to predict short-term movements of important currencies, interest rates, or equities. The goal of this technique is to spot times when markets are cheap or expensive by identifying the factor that are important in determining market returns. The trading system examines the relationship between relevant information and piece of financial assets, and gives you buy or sell recommendations when they suspect an under or overvaluation. Thus, even if some traders find the data mining approach too mechanical or too risky to be used systematically, they may want to use it selectively as further opinion. Trading is based on the idea of predicting short term movements in the price/value of a product (currency/equity/interest rate etc.). With a reasonable guesstimate in place one may trade the product if he/she thinks it is going to be over valued or undervalued in the coming future. Trading traditionally is done based on the instinct of the trader. If he/she thinks the product is not priced properly he/she may sell/buy it. This instinct is usually based on past experience and some analysis based on market conditions. However, the number of factors that even the most expert of traders can account for are limited. Hence, quite often these predictions fail. The price of a financial asset is influenced by a variety of factors which can be broadly classified as economic, political and market factors. Participants in a market observe the relation between these factors and the price of an asset, account for the current value of these factors and predict the future values to finally arrive at the future value of the asset and trade accordingly. Quite often by the time a trained eye detects these favourable factors, many others may have discovered the opportunity, decreasing the possible revenues otherwise. Also these factors in turn may be related to several other factors making prediction difficult. Data mining techniques are used to discover hidden knowledge, unknown patterns and new rules from large data sets, which may be useful for a variety of decision making activity. With the increasing economic globalization and improvements in information technology, large amounts of financial data are being generated and stored. subjected to data mining techniques to discover hidden patterns and obtain predictions for trends in the future and the behaviour of the financial markets. With the immediacy offered by data mining, latest data can be mined to obtain crucial information at the earliest. This in turn would result in an improved market place  responsiveness and awareness leading to reduced costs and increased revenue. Advancements made in technology have enabled to create faster and better prediction systems. These systems are based on a combination of data mining techniques and artificial intelligence methods like Case Based Reasoning (CBR) and Neural Networks (NN). A combination of such a forecasting system together with a good trading strategy offers tremendous opportunities for massive returns. The value of a financial asset is dependent on both ma croeconomic and microeconomic variables and this data is available in a variety of disparate formats. NN and CBR techniques can be applied extensively for predicting these financial variables. NN are characterized by learning capabilities and the ability to improve performance over time. Also NN can generalize i.e. recognize new objects which may be similar but not exactly identical to previous objects. NN with their ability to derive meaning from imprecise data can be used to detect patterns which are otherwise too complex to be detected by humans. NN act as experts in the area that they have been trained to work in. these can be used to provide predictions for new situations and work in real time. Thus, historic data available about financial markets and the various variables can be used to train NN to simulate the market. CBR methodology is based on reasoning from past performances. It uses a large repository of data stored as cases which would include all the market variables in this case. When a new case is fed in (in the form of a case containing the concerned variables), the CBR algorithm predicts the performance/result of this case based on the cases it has in its repository. Data mining techniques can be used to detect hidden patterns in these cases which may then be used for further decision making. CBR methods can be used in real time which makes analysis really quick and helps in real time decision making resulting in immediate profits. Thus data mining and business intelligence (CBR and NN) techniques may be used in conjunction in financial markets to predict market behaviour and obtain patterned behaviour to influence decision making. †¢ Customer Profiling and Customer Relationship Management Banks have many and huge databases containing transactional and other details of its customers. Valuable business information can be extracted from these data stores. But it is unfeasible to support analysis and decision making using traditional query languages; because human analysis breaks down with volume and dimensionality. Traditional statistical methods do not have the capacity and scale to analyse these data, and hence modern data mining methodologies and tools are increasingly being used for decision making process not only in banking and financial institutions, but across the industries. Customer profiling is a data mining process that builds customer profiles of different groups from the company’s existing customer database. The information obtained from this process can be used for different purposes, such as understanding business performance, making new marketing initiatives, market segmentation, risk analysis and revising company customer policies. The advantage of data mining is that it can handle large amounts of data and learn inherent structures and patterns in data. It can generate rules and models that are useful in enabling decisions that can be applied to future cases. Customer Behaviour Modeling (CBM) or customer profiling is a tool to predict the future value of an individual and the risk category to which he belongs to based on his demographic characteristics, life-style and previous behaviour. This helps to focus on customer retention. The two important facts that have important implication in selecting customer profiling methods are: – Profiling information can consist of many variables (or dozens of them). – Majority of them are categorical variables (or non-numeric variables or nominal variables). Customer profiling is to characterize features of special customer groups. Many data mining techniques search profiles of special customer groups systematically using Artificial Intelligence techniques. They generate accurate profiles based on beam search and incremental learning techniques. Customer profiling also uses many predictive modeling methods. Predictive modelling techniques applicable can be categorized into two broad approaches. They depend on the type of predicted information or variables, also called target variables. If the type of predicted values is categorical, classification techniques is preferred to be used. Classification Methods: In this approach, risk levels are organized into two categories based on past default history. For example, customers with past default history can be  classified into â€Å"risky† group, whereas the rest are placed as â€Å"safe† group. Using this categorization information as target of prediction, Decision Tree and Rule Induction techniques can be used to build models that can predict default risk levels of new loan applications. Value Prediction Methods: In this method, for example, instead of classifying new loan applications, it attempts to predict expected default amounts for new loan applications. The predicted values are numeric and thus it requires modelling techniques that can take numerical data as target (or predicted) variables. Neural Network and regression are used for this purpose. The most common data mining methods used for customer profiling are: – Clustering (descriptive) – Classification (predictive) and regression (predictive) – Association rule discovery (descriptive) and sequential pattern discovery (predictive) In CRM, data mining is frequently used to assign a score to a particular customer or prospect indicating the likelihood that the individual will behave in a particular way. For example, a score could measure the propensity to respond to a particular insurance or credit card offer or to switch to a competitor’s product. Data mining can be useful in all the three phases of a customer relationship-cycle: customer acquisition, increasing value of the customer and customer retention. For example, a typical banking firm let say sends 1 million direct mails for credit card customer acquisition. Past researches have shown that typically 6% of such target customers respond to these direct mails. Banks use their credit risk models to classify these respondents in good credit risk and bad credit risk classes. The proportion of good credit risk respondents is only 16% out of the total respondents. So, as net result, roughly only 1% of the total targeted customers are converted into the cr edit card customers through direct mailing. Seeing the huge cost and effort involved in such marketing process, data mining techniques can significantly improve the customer conversion rate by more focused marketing. Using a predictive test model using decision tree techniques like CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection), CART (Classification And Regression Trees), Quest and C5.0; it can be analyzed which customers are more probable to respond. And using this with the risk model using techniques like neural network can help build a test model. The way data mining can actually be built into the CRM application is determined by the nature of customer interaction. The customer interaction could be inbound (when the customer contacts the firm) or outbound (when the firm contacts customers). The deployment requirements are quite different. Outbound interactions such as direct â€Å"Building Profitable Customer Relations with Data Mining†, Herb Edelstein mail campaign involve the firm selecting the people whom to be mailed by applying the test model to the customer database. In other outbound campaigns like advertising, the profile of good prospects shown by the test model needs to be matched to the profile of the people the advertisement would reach. For inbound transactions such as telephone or internet order, the application must respond in real time. Therefore the data mining model is embedded in the application and actively recommends an action. In either case, one of the key issues in applying a model to new data set is the transformations that are made in building the model. The ease with which these changes are embedded in the model determines the productivity of deploying these tools. †¢ Marketing and customer care Because high competitions in the finance industry, intelligent business decisions in marketing are more important than ever for better customer targeting, acquisition, retention and customer relationship. There is a need for customer care and marketing strategies to be in place for the success and survival of the business. It is possible with the help of data mining and predictive analytics to make such strategies. Financial institutions are finding it more difficult to locate new previously unsolicited buyers, and as a result they are implementing aggressive marketing program to acquire new customer from their competitors. The uncertainties of the buyer make planning of new services and media usage almost impossible. The classical solution is to apply subjective human expert knowledge as rules of thumb. Until recently, replacing the human expert by computer technology has been difficult. An interesting tool available in marketing and financial institution is analysis of client’s data. This allows analysis and calculation of key indicators that help bank to identify factors that affected customer’s demand in the past and customer’ need in the future. Information about the customer’s personal data can also give indications that affect future demand. In case of analysis of retail debtors and small corporations, marketing tasks will typically include factors about the customer himself, his credit record and rating made by external rating agencies. With the advent of data mining and business intelligence tools it has become possible for banks to strengthen their customer acquisition by direct marketing and establish multi- channel contacts, to improve customer development by cross selling and up selling of products, and to increase customer retention by behaviour management. It is possible for the banks to use the data available to retain its best customers and to identify opportunities to sell them additional services. The profiling of all the valuable accounts can be done and the top most say 5-10 % can be assigned to Relationship Managers, whose job will be to identify new selling opportunities with these customers. It is also possible to bundle various offers to meet the need of the valued customers. Data mining can also help the banks in customizing the various promotional offers. For example the direct mails can be customized as per the segment of the account holders in the bank. It is also possible for the banks to find out thepr oblem customers who can be defaulters in the future, from their past payment records and the profile and the data patterns that are available. This can also help the banks in adjusting the relationship with these customers so that the loss in future is kept to its minimum. Data mining can improve the response rates in the direct mail campaigns as the time required to classify the customers will be reduced, this in turn will increase the revenues, improve the sales force efficiency from the target group. Data mining helps the banks to optimize their portfolio of services, delivery channels. A record of past transactions can give useful insight to the bank and different locations /branches of same branch can also follow some patterns that when noticed can be used as past records to learn from and base the future actions upon. Data Mining techniques can be of immense help to the banks and financial institutions in this arena for better targeting and acquiring new customers, fraud detection in real time, providing segment based products for better targeting the customers, analysis of the customers’ purchase patterns over time for better retention and relationship, detection of emerging trends to take proactive stance in a highly competitive market adding a lot more value to existing products and services and launching of new product and service bundles. Reference:

Private Nuisance Question

FOUNDATION IN ARTS LAW OF TORT ASSIGNMENT On the facts, the claimant Garfield suffered smashed panes of glass in his green house and sustains a fractured skull when he is hit on the head by a cricket ball. The local cricket club owner(defendant) may have an action bought by Garfield(claimant) under the tort of negligence or private nuisance. The author will first discuss on negligence and then later on to private nuisance. In the novel cases where the existence of a legal duty is less obvious, the Caparo v Dickman test must be satisfied.As it was reasonably foreseeable that claimant would be injured, there was sufficient proximity and it is fair,just and reasonable to impose liability on the defendant. Hence it is arguable that the local cricket club owed Garfield duty of care as the first element under negligence can be proven. The second element which Garfield have to prove is whether the defendant breach the duty of care. To breach the legal duty of care,is to fall below the appro priate standard of care expected of the defendant when performing the act in question.In the case of Bolton v Stone,it was held that if the likelihood of harm caused by defendant was low then the likelihood of the defendant breaching of the standard of care would also be low. However,base on the facts the claimant house is built so close to the ground that it is almost inevitable that the ball would be hit over the fence and into the garden’s house from time to time. Thus the likelihood of harm is great,creating a high risk of injury to the claimant and the standard of care expected of the defendant would be higher.However,by referring back to the facts,since a 3 metre fence is erected it would seem to be sufficient to prevent injury or loss as the law does not expect the defendant to take absolute precautions(Fardon v Hercourt & Ravington). Thus Garfield’s action to bring the case under the tort of negligence would probably fail. Garfield will then be best advised to bring the case in private nuisance. Private nuisance is the special damage to those who have a landed interest whose enjoyment of it is in some way diminished.On our facts,Garfield bought the house which we can assume that he is the owner of the house who have proprietary interest or exclusive interest in the land(Hunter v Canary Wharf). Thus he may sue the defendant for private nuisance and probably seek for an injunction. One should be noted that the law of private nuisance has attempt to preserve a balance between two conflicting interests,that of one occupier in using his land that he thinks fit and that of his neighbour in the quiet enjoyment of his land(Sedleigh Denfield v O’Callaghan).By doing this,the courts will look into the issue of ‘reasonableness’. In other words the courts will assess the reasonableness(level of interference) by taking into account some factors such as locality,duration,sensitivity and public benefits. With regards to locality,it wa s clear that the claimant had suffered physical damage and damage to his property. Thus the issue of locality is irrelevant(St. Helens Smelting Co. v Tipping). By referring to a similar case, Miller v Jackson,the claimants had bought a house just next to the cricket ground and the claimants knew about it.The cricket ball kept sailing over the claimant’s house and they sought an injunction. At the mean time,the defendant erected a highest possible wire fence,install unbreakable glass and cover the claimant’s garden with safety net and ask the batsmen to keep the ball low:the claimants were not content and seek further for damages and injunction after five more balls flew in their house in 1975. The court rejected the injunction as Lord Denning said that the claimant has come with open eyes.Base on our facts,it is highly unlikely that the claimant is unaware of the existence of the ground as it has been played for nearly 100 years. Therefore,since Garfield had come with open eyes it may not be actionable as it is already a pre-existing condition at the time of the agreement. (Southwark London Borough Council v Mills) Then,with regard to the issue of duration and seriousness,the law states that the longer the interference goes on the more likely it is to be unreasonable. However,a nuisance need not necessarily last long.If the time to carry out the activities are unreasonable or the degree of seriousness is high it could still amount to nuisance(Crown River Cruise Ltd v Kimbolton Fireworks Ltd). Coming back to the facts,after the incident having two cricket balls smashed the glass in his greenhouse,the next hit was few weeks later which caused Garfield to sustain fractured skull. Thus it may not seem to be unreasonable as the next hit was a few weeks after the first hit. But,having a fractured skull after being hit maybe serious and the court might consider it as a factor to issue the injunction.However,it is arguable on the basis of sensitivity if the force use for the hit was not too excessive or unreasonable and if Garfield have had injury on the head before the hit then the defendant may not be held nuisance. (Robinson v Kilvert) If the nuisance is established,the defendant will try to raise the possible defence which is prescription since the cricket has been played on the ground for nearly a hundred years. However the defence of prescription would only applicable if the claimant have beared with the nuisance for twenty years and not when the defendant’s started the activities(Sturges v Bridgman).Thus the defence may succeed if the defendant have moved in and beared with the nuisance for twenty years or more. The defendant would also raise the issue of public interest. The court would inevitably concerned to some extent with the utility or general benefit to the community of defendant’s activities. This means if the claimants actions is of importance, the risks that may happen when completing these actions m ay be acceptable(Watt v Hertfordshire).However,the court will not accept the argument that the claimant should put up with the harm because it is beneficial to the community as a whole(Bellow v Cement co. ). If Garfield purpose of suing is to restrict the nuisance,the only remedy that he can sought against the cricket club is a prohibitory injunction. It is an equitable remedy use to put a stop to certain offensive activities that affect the claimant continuosly and it will only be awarded if the court felt that it is necessarily to. If the nuisance is temporary and occasionally an injunction may not be issued.In conclusion,eventhough Garfield did experience private nuisance,the activities carried out by the defendant seem to be reasonable. Unless Garfield can prove that the degree of seriousness caused by the defendant is unreasonable,the defendant would probably not be liable. Furthermore if Garfield wants to claim compensation for the fractured skull he have to bring the case und er the tort of negligence as nuisance claims are limited to loss of enjoyment of land. However,as mentioned earlier that breach of duty could not be proved therefore the defendant would probably not be liable.

Providing Pedicure Treatment Essay - 2292 Words

Function of the Skin The skin is more than just external covering. It acts as a sensitive boundary between our bodies and the environment. The skin has several important functions, for example: Protection, temperature regulations, waste removal and sense of touch. Protection †¢ The skin acts as a protective organ. The film of sebum and sweat on the surface of the skin (acid mantle). It acts as an anti-bacterial agent to help prevent the multiplication of micro-organisms on the skin. †¢ The fat cells in the subcutaneous layer of the skin help to protect bones and major organs form injury. †¢ At the basal cell layer of the skin melanin is produced to help protect the body from harmful ultra-violet radiation. †¢ The horny layer of the†¦show more content†¦The Subcutaneous tissue – This is the fatty layer of the skin. Lipocytes cells produce lipids. It protects the muscles, bones and internal organs from being damaged and provides insulation and energy for the body when needed. Function of the Nail The nails are formations of hardened growths that are based on the protein keratin. The cells in the matrix reproduce to form the nail plate and they multiply gradually pushing up before they harden. This process is called keratinisation. The matrix needs a good supply of oxygen and nutrients for the cells to be able to reproduce. †¢ Matrix – Reproductive part of the nail, which new nails are formed. This section of the nail contains nerves, blood and lymph vessels. †¢ Mantle – Helps protect the matrix cells from getting damage. †¢ Nail bed – It supports the nail plate. The nail bed is supplied with many blood vessels which provide the necessary nourishment. †¢ Lunula (half moon) – This is the visible section of the matrix. It is commonly referred to as the bridge between the living matrix and the horny nail plate. The lunula forms the upper part of the matrix; it is part of the growing area. †¢ Nail Plate – This part of the nail consists of three layers of dead keratinised cells. The nail plate is the hardened translucent outer layer. †¢ Nail Wall – It is the fold of skin that overlaps the nail to form a frame andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : Deep Cleansing Massage1408 Words   |  6 PagesPage 10# Deep Cleansing Massage When you go to a day spa for a facial treatment, you will have an assortment of facial alternatives to browse. It might overpower at to begin with, however a large portion of the experts and estheticians in the spa will be upbeat to help you browse their rundown of administrations. In case you re searching for a facial that will scrub your pores and treat your skin break out, they will probably propose that you get the profound clean facial. 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